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Apes > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Environment

A

All the living and non living things around us

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1
Q

Biodiversity

A

The cumulative number and diversity of living things

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2
Q

What is the environment consisted of

A

Animals, plants, forests, farms
Continents, clouds, ice caps
Structures, urban centers, living spaces
Social relationships and institutions

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3
Q

What have natural systems been degraded by?

A

Pollution.
Soil erosion
Extinction

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4
Q

Environmental science

A

The study of how the natural world works and how the environment defects humans and vice versa

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5
Q

Natural resources

A

Substances and energy sources needed for survival

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6
Q

Ecosystem services

A

Arise from the normal functioning of natural services

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7
Q

Examples of ecosystem services

A

Purifying air and water
Cycles nutrients
Regulate climates
Pollinate plants

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8
Q

How do humans degrade ecosystem services

A

Destroying habitat

Generating pollution

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9
Q

How many humans are there on earth

A

6.9 billion

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10
Q

What is the agriculture revolution

A

The mass increase of crops and livestock..created stable food supplies and increased the general pop

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11
Q

What was the industrial revolution

A

Urbanized society with fossil fuels. Discovered sanitation and medicine as well as pesticides and fertilizers

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12
Q

Concept of tragedy of the commons

A

Exploitation of public resources to depletion for personal gain

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13
Q

Three solutions to tragedy of the commons

A

Private ownership
Voluntary organization to enforce responsible use
Gov regulation

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14
Q

What increase consumption

A

Affluence

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15
Q

Ecological footprint

A

The environmental impact of a person or population

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16
Q

Overshoot

A

Humans have surpassed the earths capacity to support us

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17
Q

How fast are we using renewable resources

A

30% faster than they are being replenished

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18
Q

Examples of fallen civilizations after degrading the environment

A

Easter island
Greek and roman impires
Iraq

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19
Q

What does environmental science do for the world

A

Create a better one because civilizations thrive on how well the interact with the environment

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20
Q

What is environmental sciences main goal

A

To solve environmental problems

All solutions are applications of science

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21
Q

Two interdisciplinary fields

A

Natural sciences

Social sciences

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22
Q

Natural sciences

A

Examines the natural world

Environmental science programs

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23
Q

Social science

A

Examines human values and human behavior

Environmental studies program

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24
Q

What does environmental science pursue

A

Knowledge of the environment and our interactions with us while trying to remain free from bias

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25
Q

Environmentalism

A

A social movement that tries to protect the natural world from human caused changes

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26
Q

Science

A

A systematic process for learning about the world and testing our understanding of it

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27
Q

Why is science so important

A

It is discovering a safe pathway
Develops solutions to problems we face
Sorts fact from fiction

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28
Q

Example of policy decisions and management practices

A

Restoration of forest ecosystems altered by humans

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29
Q

Example of scientific techno colony developments

A

Energy-efficient cars

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30
Q

Observational science

A

Infor gathered about organisms, systems, processes

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31
Q

What question does observation science pose

A

Why is it why it is

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32
Q

What studies use observational science

A

Astronomy
Paleontology
Taxonomy
Genomics

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33
Q

Hypothesis driven science

A

Targeted research testing a hypothesis with the scientific method

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34
Q

Quantitative date

A

Uses numbers

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35
Q

Qualitative data

A

Does not use numbers

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36
Q

Order of scientific method

A 
Observation 
Questions 
Hypothesis 
Predictions 
Test
Results
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37
Q

Manipulative experiments

A

Strongest evidence

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38
Q

What do manipulative experiments reveal

A

Causal relationships

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39
Q

Natural tests

A

Real-world complexity

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40
Q

What is being applied in natural tests

A

Laws of nature

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41
Q

Scientific process

A

Guards faulty research
Peer review
Publication
Competition for funding

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42
Q

Theory

A

Well tested and widely accepted explanation

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43
Q

Paradigm shift

A

A dramatic upheaval in thought

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44
Q

Wicked problems

A

Complex with no simple solution

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45
Q

Sustainability

A

Living within planets means

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46
Q

Natural capital

A

Esther’s total wealth of resources

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47
Q

Mehta is special about the U.S. and income

A

The richest 1% have 25-% of all income

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48
Q

How much of land is used for agriculture

A

Half

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49
Q

How much has carbon dioxide emission risen since the industrial revolution

A

39%

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50
Q

Millennium ecosystem assessment

A

Assessed the consequences of ecosystem change for human wellbeing

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51
Q

What did the MEA report

A

Humans have altered ecosystems
These changes have contributed to human well being but at s cost
Degradation could get worse
Could be reversed

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52
Q

How much of the worlds oil supplies have we used

A

Half

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53
Q

Cornucopians

A

Human interfaith will solve any problem

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54
Q

Cassandras

A

Predict doom and disaster

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55
Q

Sustainable development

A

The use of resources to satisfy current needs without compromising future availability of resources

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56
Q

What does sustainable development satisfy

A

Doesn’t compromise future availability
Never increases in economic size
Values environmental protection
Human made capital cannot sub natural capital

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57
Q

Triple bottom line

A

Sustainable solutions that allow environmental protection, reach economic goals, and social equity

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58
Q

What turns water into steam

A

Hot rocks underground

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59
Q

The geysers

A

Northern Cali

Electricity for millions

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60
Q

What replenishes depleted steam

A

Wastewater

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61
Q

What may cause earthquakes

A

Extracting steam

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62
Q

Chemistry

A

Studies types of matter

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63
Q

How is Chem crucial

A 
How fades contribute to climate
Pollutants and acid rain
Effects of health of wild and people
Water pollution 
Wastewater treatment 
Atmospheric ozone depletion 
Energy issues
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64
Q

Matter

A

All material in the universe that has mass and occupies space

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65
Q

Law of conservation of matter

A

Matter can be transformed from something into others but cannot be destroyed or created

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66
Q

Why does the law of conservation matter make sense

A

The amount of matter stays constant

It is recycles in nutrient cycles and ecosystems

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67
Q

Fundamental type of matter

A

Element

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68
Q

Smallest components that maintain chemical properties

A

Atom

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69
Q

What does the nucleus contain

A

Protons and neutrons

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70
Q

Atomic number

A

Number of protons

71
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

72
Q

Mass number

A

Pro plus neu

73
Q

Ions

A

Atoms that gain or lose electrons

74
Q

What happens to radioactive isotopes

A

Decay until they become non and stable

75
Q

Half life

A

The amount of time it takes for one half of the atom to give off radiation and decay

76
Q

WhT are ionic compounds

A

Salts

Electron is transferred

77
Q

Solutions

A

Mixture of substances with no chemical bonding

78
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

Oxygen from one water molecule attract hydrogen atoms of another

79
Q

What does water dissolve

A

Other molecules that are vital for life

80
Q

What determines acidity

A

Hydrogen ions

81
Q

Range of ph scale

A

0 to 14

82
Q

Acidic solutions

A

<7

83
Q

Basic solutions

A

> 7

84
Q

Neutral solutions

A

7

85
Q

Examples of acidic

A

Car batter
Acid rain
Lemon juice

86
Q

Examples of basic

A

Sodium hydroxide
Ammonia
Soap

87
Q

Neutral

A

Seawater
Pure water
Normal rainwater

88
Q

Organic compounds

A

Carbon atoms joined by bonds and may include other elements

89
Q

Polymers

A

Long chains of carbon molecules

90
Q

What are the building blocks of life

A

Polymers

91
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

Contain only carbon and hydrogen

92
Q

Simplest hydrocarbon

A

Methane

93
Q

What substance contains hydrocarbons

A

Fossil fuels

94
Q

Methane

A

CH4

95
Q

Macromolecules

A

Large sized molecules

96
Q

Types of polymers

A

Proteins
Nucleic acids
Carbs

97
Q

What are lipids

A

Fats oils waxes

98
Q

What are proteins

A

Long amino acid chains

99
Q

What do proteins do

A

Produce tissue
Structure
Store energy
Transport material

100
Q

What do animals use protein for

A

Generate skin
Hair
Muscles
And tendons

101
Q

Enzymes

A

Molecules that promote chemical reactions

102
Q

Nucleic acids

A

Long chains of nucleotides that contain sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base

103
Q

Genes

A

Regions of DNA that code for proteins that perform certain functions

104
Q

Carbs

A

Atoms of carbon hydrogen and oxygen

105
Q

Sugars

A

Simple carbs if 3-7 carbons

106
Q

What does glucose do

A

Provide energy for cells

107
Q

Complex carbs

A

Starch
Chitlin
Cellulose

108
Q

Starch

A

Stores energy in plants

109
Q

Chitin

A

Forma shells of insects

110
Q

Cellulose

A

In cell walls of plants

111
Q

Synthetic polymer

A

Plastic

112
Q

Why is plastic valuable

A

Doesn’t break down

113
Q

Energy

A

Capacity to change the position, physical composition, or temp of matter

114
Q

Potential energy

A

Energy of position

115
Q

Examples of potential energy

A

Nuckear

Mechanical

116
Q

Kinetic

A

Energy of motion

117
Q

Examples of kinetic

A 
Thermal
Light
Sound
Electrical 
Subatomic
118
Q

Chemical energy

A

Potential energy held in the bonds between atom

119
Q

First law of thermodynamics

A

Energy can change but cannot be created or destroyed

120
Q

Second law of thermodynamics

A

Energy changes s more ordered to a less ordered state

121
Q

Entropy

A

An increasing state of disorder

122
Q

Energy conversion efficiency

A

The ratio of useful energy output to the amount of needing to be input

123
Q

How much of energy is released to power a car

A

16%

124
Q

How much energy is released to power a lightbulb

A

5%

125
Q

What is geothermal energy efficiency

A

7-15%

126
Q

Where does the sun release radiation

A

Electromagnetic spectrum

127
Q

Photosynthesis formula

A

6co2+6H20+ sun -> C6H1206 (sugar) + 6O2

128
Q

Chloroplasts

A

Organelles where photosynthesis occurs

129
Q

Light observing pigment

A

Chlorophyll

130
Q

Splitting water by solar energy

A

Light reaction

131
Q

Calvin cycle

A

Links carbon atoms from carbon dioxide into glucose

132
Q

Other sources of energy

A

Geothermal by radioactivity
Moons pull
Radioisotopes
Heated magma

133
Q

What drives plate tectonics

A

Heated erupting magma

134
Q

What creates geysers

A

Warm water

135
Q

Hydrothermal vents

A

Host communities that thrive in high temperature and pressure

136
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

6CO2+ 6H2O+ 3H2S -> C6H12O6 + 3G2SO4

137
Q

Chemosynthesis uses

A

Energy in hydrogen sulfide to produce sugar

138
Q

Solid iron center

A

Core

139
Q

What is inside the core

A

Iron

140
Q

Less dense elastic rock

A

Mantle

141
Q

Very soft or melted rock

A

Aesthenosphere

142
Q

Where is the area of geothermal energy

A

Mantle

143
Q

Thin brittle low density layer of rock

A

Crust

144
Q

Uppermost mantle and crust

A

Lithosphere

145
Q

Movement of lithospheric plates

A

Plate tectonics

146
Q

What drives convection currents

A

Heat

147
Q

What rises and falls during plate tectonics

A

Mantle

148
Q

Divergent plate boundaries

A

Magma rises
Pushes plates apart
New crust
Volcanoes and hydrothermal vents

149
Q

Transform plate boundaries

A

Two plates meet

Friction creates earthquakes

150
Q

Convergent plate boundaries

A

Plates collide

151
Q

Subduction

A

Oceanic plate slides beneath crust

152
Q

What happens when the oceanic plate slides under the continental

A

Magma erupts through surface

153
Q

Continental collision

A

Two continental crusts collide

154
Q

What two mountains were formed from continental collision

A

App and Himalayas

155
Q

What does topography alter

A

Rain wind current heating

156
Q

What does topography influence

A

Animals and plants live

157
Q

What to tectonic plates doe

A

Shape geography

Determines location of geothermal energy sources

158
Q

Rock cycle

A

Hearing melting cooking breaking and reassembling of rocks and mineral

159
Q

Rock

A

Any solid aggregation of mineral

160
Q

Mineral

A

Any element or inorganic compound

161
Q

What determines soul characteristics

A

Rocks

162
Q

Molten liquid rock

A

Magma

163
Q

Magma released from lithosphere

A

Lava

164
Q

Firms when magma cools

A

Igneous rock

165
Q

Magma that cools slowly below earths surface

A

Intrusive igneous rock

166
Q

Magma ejected from a volcanos

A

Extrusive igneous rock

167
Q

Sediments

A

Rock particles blown by wind or washed away by water

168
Q

Sediments are compacted or cemented

A

Sedimentary rock

169
Q

Examples of sedimentary rock

A

Limestone
Sandstone
Shale

170
Q

Formation of rock through compact crystallization

A

Lithification

171
Q

Great hear or pressure on a rock changes its form

A

Metamorphic

172
Q

What changes Chrystal’s

A

High temp

173
Q

Heated and pressurized limestone

A

Marble

174
Q

Heated and pressurized shale

A

Slate

Apes (1 decks)

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