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UTS > UNIT 1-3 > Flashcards

UNIT 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

From the greek words “Philos” meaning ___, and “Sophia” meaning ____

A

love; wisdom

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2
Q

study of the nature and acquisitions of knowledge

A

Philosophy

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3
Q

Father of western philosophy, known for his “Socratic method” and his emphasis on “Self knowledge

A

Socrates

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4
Q

Charged with corruption of minors, he was sentenced to death by drinking a cup of poison hemlock.

A

Socrates

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5
Q

He believed men’s goal in life is to acquire happiness. The key to happiness, is to take care of one’s inner being and become a virtuous man. VIRTUE IS THE SUPREME GOOD THAT WILL SECURE HAPPINESS.

A

Socrates

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6
Q

His philosophy underlies the importance of the notion “knowing oneself”

A

Socrates

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7
Q

was a student of Socrates. He wrote the Socratic Dialogue which contained Socrates’ philosophical arguments.

A

Plato

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8
Q

He is also well known for his book THEORY OF FORMS which asserted that the ultimate reality exists beyond the physical world

A

Plato

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9
Q

He considers the soul has the most divine aspects of being. However rather than a spiritual being, the soul/mind is where man’s Forms (ideas) are known.

A

Plato

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10
Q

Three kinds of souls:

A

Appetitive soul
Rational soul
Spirited soul

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11
Q

The elements that you enjoy are sensual experiences. Desire and need to satisfy

A

Appetitive soul

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12
Q

The element that loves truth and reason; forbids sensual experience

A

Rational soul

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13
Q

The element that understands passion, honor and sense of victory

A

Spirited soul

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14
Q

A saint and a doctor of church. His philosophical approach to Christian thinking is the basis for learning theology. He is well known for his work, the CONFESSION, CITY OF GOD and OF CHRISTIAN DOCTRINE.

A

St. Augustine

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15
Q

He gave a Christian perspective on Plato’s Theory of Forms which asserted that the Forms exist within God.
The SOUL is capable of knowing the Truth and scientific thinking.

A

St. Augustine

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16
Q

A French philosopher who was famous for being the advocate of Methodical Doubt - a systematic process of being skeptical of one’s belief to ascertain their truthfulness.

A

Rene Descartes

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17
Q

He is also known for the Latin statement “Cogito ergo sum” [I think therefore I am]

A

Rene Descartes

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18
Q

He asserted the “self” is:
-Constant, not prone to change
-The source of our identity

A

Rene Descartes

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19
Q

He views the “self” as including the memories a person has. it means that a person is the same person yesterday as he remembers his thoughts and experiences. In legal justice he argues as a person is the same in the past he can be accountable for behaviors provided they have a memory of it

A

John Locke

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20
Q

Father of classical liberation. He said that a person is born with no knowledge or identity but is capable of learning from experiences which would form said identity. The self as “Tabula Rasa” [blank slate]

A

John Locke

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21
Q

He is a Scottish philosopher, who advocates the idea of Empiricism - the idea that knowledge comes from sense experience, opposing Descartes’ Rationalism

A

David Hume

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22
Q

For him, the self exists because of our conscious perceptions, what we cannot sense does not exist. He divides the mind’s perceptions into two groups; Impressions and Ideas

A

David Hume

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23
Q

Source of our knowledge; where it comes from

A

Impression

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24
Q

Content of our knowledge; what it is

A

Ideas

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25
Q

A German philosopher famous in modern philosophy. He made contributions to metaphysics epistemology and ethics.

A

Immanuel Kant

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26
Q

For him, the self is not the body but is outside of it. Knowledge bridges “self” and the material world. He defined the self as an organizing principle that combines experiences.

A

Immanuel Kant

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27
Q

The mental process which a person makes sense of an idea by assimilating it to the body of ideas he/she already possesses.

A

Apperception

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28
Q

The self perceives the world based on two components

A

Experiences/ Outer self
Apparatus of the mind/ Inner self

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29
Q

Father of psychoanalysis - which is based on the notion that a person is driven by unseen forces and controlled by conscious and rational thought. He is also famous for his work on the role of sex and the unconscious.

A

Sigmund Freud

30
Q

based on past experiences how a person develops a sense of self

A

Psychoanalysis

31
Q

operates based on reality principle

A

Ego

32
Q

operates based on pleasure principle

A

ID

33
Q

operates based on perfection principle

A

Superego

34
Q

He disagreed with Descartes’ view that the mental and physical are separate.

A

Gilbert Ryle

35
Q

He continues to oppose Descartes for the notion that there is a soul inside the body. All knowledge and imagination do not reside in a metaphor space

A

Gilbert Ryle

36
Q

The self or our sense of self is a collection of our behaviors and actions

A

Gilbert Ryle

37
Q

A Canadian philosopher known for his studies in neurophilosophy and the philosophy of the mind

A

Paul Churchland

38
Q

His philosophy stands in the MATERIALISTIC VIEW or that only the physical world exists. He considers the idea that there is a soul or mind separate from the physical world is false calling it eliminative materialism.

A

Paul Chruchland

39
Q

As a materialist, he asserted that our sense of self originated from the brain and its function

A

Paul Chruchland

40
Q

A French phenomenological philosopher, famous for his works on existentialism and phenomenology. He does not believe in a dualistic view of self rather the mind and body are connected.

A

Maurice Jean Jacques Merleau - Ponty

41
Q

an entity that possesses conscious experiences like feelings, beliefs, and desires.

A

Embodied subjectivity

42
Q

study of human social relationships and institutions.

A

Sociology

43
Q

process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society

A

Socialization

44
Q

extensive use of power and machinery

A

Industrialism

45
Q

production system involving market competition and supply-demand

A

Capitalism

46
Q

increase of reach of institutions

A

Institutions of Surveillance

47
Q

life becomes a vigorous activity and process

A

Dynamism

48
Q

He expressed that people create social networks by joining social groups

A

George Simmel

49
Q

two or more people interacting with similar characteristics and sense of identity

A

Social group

50
Q

ties/connection that link to your group

A

Social Network

51
Q

naturally occurring in traditional societies, Organic motivation - you join because you are part of it. - Rootedness; less freedom; greater social conformity

A

organic group

52
Q

He was a founding member of the American Sociological Association in 1905 and became its eighth president in 1918. He pioneered the sociological perspective on self development.

A

Charles Horton Cooley

53
Q

occur in modern societies, formed out of shared self-interest - Rational motivation

A

Rational group

54
Q

He believed that the self is not only based on some inner source of identity. He coined the process “The looking-glass self” wherein individuals base their sense of self on how they believe others view them

A

Charles Horton Cooley

55
Q

Steps of looking glass self

A
  1. Imagine how you appear to the other person
  2. Imagine the judgement of the other person
  3. Feel some sense of pride, happiness guilt, of shame
56
Q

The main contribution was his attempt to show how the human self arises in the process of social interaction.

A

George Herbert Mead

57
Q

Stages of Development

A

Language
Play
Game

58
Q

through shared understanding of symbols and gestures the individual has the capacity to express himself while comprehending what others are conveying

A

Language

59
Q

role-play assumes the perspective of others to develop understanding about others

A

Play

60
Q

able to take into account societal rules. one must abide to become successful

A

Game

61
Q

Concept of Self = 2 parts

A

Me -part of self created through socialization; predictability and conformity come from the “me”
I - part of self that is spontaneous, unpredictable, and creative; act in extreme situations of rage to excitement

62
Q

study of people’s experiences, past, and present. It is concerned with understanding how humans evolved and how they differ from one another

A

Anthropology

63
Q

believes that no understanding of human beings is complete without the study of the full range of the human phenonemon

A

Anthropologist

64
Q

Conceptualized the Implicit and Explicit aspects of the self framed, maintained, and affected biologically, mentally, and socially

A

Joseph LeDoux

65
Q

the aspect that you are consciously aware of

A

Explicit

66
Q

aspect that is not immediately available to the consciousness

A

Implicit

67
Q

People construct a series of self representations that are based on one’s cultural concepts and personal memories

A

Katherine Ewing

68
Q

culturally shaped concepts applied to oneself, or which represents the self

A

Self-Representation

69
Q

a powerful agent guiding the decisions and actions of humans in the given situation. It regulates, expresses and transforms the human psyche. The basic idea is that human principle cannot be universal but varied all over the world.

A

Culture

70
Q

characteristics of individualistic culture

A

Independent construct

71
Q

characteristics of collectivist culture

A

Interdependent construct

72
Q

Relationships - how you get into and keep a relationship
Personality traits - how you value traits
Achievements - how you define success
Expressing emotions - how you express yourself

A

Catherine Raeff

UTS (2 decks)

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