Unit 1 (2B): Cell terminology Flashcards

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1
Q

Membrane bound organelle

A

An organelle that is surrounded by a protective barrier (membrane) that controls what enters and leaves the organelle.

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2
Q

Plasma membrane

A

The membrane that separates the entire cell interior from the external environment.

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3
Q

Organelle

A

A structure within a cell that performs a particular function.

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

All contents of a cell, excluding the nucleus but including the cytosol

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5
Q

Cytosol

A

The liquid/aqueous content of the cytoplasm (contents of a cell)

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6
Q

Nucleus

A

Serves the purpose of protecting/confining the genetic information (DNA). The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane layer.

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7
Q

Ribosome

A

The cellular machinery responsible for making proteins. These may float freely in the cytoplasm or be found attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

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8
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

A

Acts as a host for ribosomes to come and go as they produce proteins and then acts as a storage unit for these proteins.

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9
Q

Soft endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

A

Its main job is to produce products like hormones and lipids.

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10
Q

Golgi apparatus

A

Organelle responsible for processing lipid and protein molecules, particularly ones set to be exported outside of the cell.

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11
Q

Lysosome

A

A membrane vesicle containing digestive enzymes. This breaks down waste and toxins and acts as the cell’s garbage disposal.

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12
Q

Mitochondrion (pl. Mitochondria)

A

Mitochondria are the site of aerobic cellular
respiration, a chemical reaction that produces the ATP required to power
cellular processes. It is a double membrane bound organelle and also contains its own DNA and ribosomes.

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13
Q

Chloroplast

A

A double membrane-bound organelle that contains flattened, fluid-filled
sacs that are the site of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts also contain their
own DNA and ribosomes.

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14
Q

Vacuole

A

A membrane bound sac that is used for water and solute storage.

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15
Q

Plasma membrane

A

A protective barrier between the intercellular and extracellular environment. In eukaryotic cells, it surrounds both the entire cell and some individual organelles.

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16
Q

Cell wall

A

A sturdy border that provides strength and structure to plant, bacterial and fungal cells.

17
Q

Vesicle

A

A membrane bound sac responsible for transporting things in and out of the cell, or stores substances within the cell.

18
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

A large network of protein filaments that start at the nucleus and reach
out to the plasma membrane. The cytoskeleton is critical for maintaining
shape and transporting vesicles around the cell. In the given fluorescence
microscopy photo, the purple represents the cytoskeleton.