Unit 1

Question 1

Adversarial system

Answer 1

The judicial process whereby evidence is presented by two opposing parties to an impartial judge or jury.

Question 2

Assizes

Answer 2

Travelling courts

Question 3

Case law

Answer 3

A method of deciding cases based on recorded decisions of similar cases.

Question 4

Common law

Answer 4

Law that developed in English courts; relies on case law and is common to all people.

Question 5

Circuit judges

Answer 5

Judges of travelling courts.

Question 6

Code of Hammurabi

Answer 6

One of the earliest-known sets of recorded law, written by King Hammurabi of Babylon.

Question 7

Code of Li K’vei

Answer 7

A set of Chinese laws written around 350 BCE.

Question 8

Codified

Answer 8

Arranged and recoded systematically.

Question 9

Divine right

Answer 9

The concept that monarchs and their successors derived their power to rule from God and were accountable only to God.

Question 10

Great laws of Manu

Answer 10

Indian laws complied between 1280 and 880 BCE, previously transferred through oral tradition.

Question 11

Habeas Corpus

Answer 11

A court order designed to prevent unlawful arrest by ensuring that anyone detained is charged before a court within a reasonable amount of life.

Question 12

Justinian’s Code

Answer 12

The clarification and organization of Roman law commissioned by Justinian I.

Question 13

Magna Carta

Answer 13

A charter of political and civil rights signed in 1215 at Runnymede in England.

Question 14

Mosaic Law

Answer 14

Biblical or Hebrew law found in the Book of Exodus.

Question 15

Ten Commandments

Answer 15

Laws given to Moses to guide the Hebrew people.

Question 16

Napoleonic Code

Answer 16

The civil law of France completed in 1804 (also called the French Civil Code).

Question 17

Quebec Civil Code

Answer 17

The system of law used in Quebec for resolving private matters.

Question 18

Restitution

Answer 18

Payment made by the offender to the victim of a crime.

Question 19

Retribution

Answer 19

Justice based on vengeance and punishment.

Question 20

Rule of Law

Answer 20

A principle of justice stating that the law is necessary to regulate society, that law applies equally to everyone, and that people are not governed by arbitrary power.

Question 21

Rule of precedent

Answer 21

Applying a previous decision to a case that has similar circumstances.

Question 22

Stare decisis

Answer 22

A Latin phrase meaning “to stand by the decision”.

Question 23

The Great Binding Law (Gaynashagowa)

Answer 23

The Constitution of the Iroquois Confederacy.

Question 24

Trial by combat

Answer 24

Determining guilt or innocence by having the parties fight a duel.

Question 25

Trial by oath helping

Answer 25

Requiring friends of the accused to swear on the Bible that he or she was innocent.

Question 26

Trial by ordeal

Answer 26

Requiring a person to undergo torture to determine guilt or innocence.