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APES Flashcards > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

0
Q

Very hot center of our planet

A

Core

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1
Q

A place where two tectonic plates meet

A

Convergent boundary

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2
Q

Outermost solid shell of the Earth

A

Crust

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3
Q

A place where two tectonic plates are moving away from eachother (Continental; oceanic)

A

Divergent boundary

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4
Q

Sudden release of energy in the earths crust that creates seismic waves

A

Earthquake

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5
Q

The science comprising the study of solid earth

A

Geology

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6
Q

The rigid, outermost shell of the planet that compromises the crust and portion of the upper mantle

A

Lithosphere

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7
Q

A mixture of molten or semi-molten rock that is found beneath the surface of the Earth

A

Magma

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8
Q

Subduction occurs at

A

Convergent boundaries

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9
Q

The layer between the crust and the outer core

A

Mantle

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10
Q

A theory that explains the observation that continents move and have moved throughout Earth’s history

A

Plate tectonics

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11
Q

Pieces of the Earth’s crust and uppermost mantle, referred to as the lithosphere

A

Tectonic plates

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12
Q

A type of fault who’s relative motion is predominantly horizontal in either direction

A

Transform fault

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13
Q

Underwater earthquake

A

Tsunami

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14
Q

When one plate plunges under another at a convergent boundary the descending plate melts and rises to form

A

Volcano

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15
Q

Distance of a place north or south of the Earth’s equator, north or south of the celestial equator, usually expressed in degrees and minutes

A

Latitude

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16
Q

A geographic coordinate that specifies the east-west position of a point on the Earth’s surface

A

Longitude

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17
Q

A theory according to which individuals, acting independently and rationally according to each one’s self-interest

A

Tragedy of the commons

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18
Q

Any system that is regulated by the output of the system is controlled by a

A

Feedback loop

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19
Q

A unifying explanation of observed phenomenon supported by numerous experiments

A

Theory

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20
Q

A testable explanation of a situation

A

Hypothesis

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21
Q

Using a known theory to predict what will happen in a specific experiment

A

Deductive reasoning

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22
Q

The transfer of heat energy by means of vertical mass motions through a medium

A

Convection

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23
Q

Major groups of species become extinct in a relatively short time

A

Mass extinction

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24
Q

Liquid part of the mantle (most of the mantle)

A

Asthenosphere

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25
Q

History of life as documented by fossils

A

Fossil record

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26
Q

The science of determining the order of past events, without determining their absolute age

A

Relative dating

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27
Q

Provides a computed numerical ago in contrast with relative dating which provides only an order of events

A

Absolute dating

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28
Q

An indefinite and very long period of time

A

Eon

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29
Q

A long and distinct period of history

A

Era

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30
Q

A supercontinent that existed during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic eras

A

Pangaea

31
Q

Part of the Earth’s lithosphere that surfaces in the ocean basins

A

Oceanic crust

32
Q

Layer of sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks in which forms the continents and the areas of shallow seabed close to their shores, known as continental shelves

A

Continental crust

33
Q

The observation that continents move and have moved throughout Earth’s history

A

Continental drift

34
Q

The point on the Earth’s surface that is directly above the point where an earthquake or underground explosion originates

A

Epicenter

35
Q

Waves caused by movement of material along Earth’s upper layers

A

S Waves

36
Q

Waves caused by expansion and contraction of bed rock

A

P Waves

37
Q

Waves that produce rolling and swaying motion

A

Surface waves

38
Q

Type of volcano when 2 plates pull apart

A

Fissure Volcano

39
Q

Type of volcano with a broad, shallow cone from slow cooling lava

A

Shield Volcano

40
Q

Type of volcano with a steep, convex cone from fast cooling lava

A

Dome Volcano

41
Q

Type of volcano that hurled out a lot of ash

A

Ash Cinder Volcano

42
Q

Type of volcano built up of many layers of lava and ash; has many slope craters

A

Composite Volcano

43
Q

Older volcano with a very large crater

A

Caldera Volcano

44
Q

A division of the year, marked by changes in weather, ecology, and hours of daylight

A

Season

45
Q

A place where two tectonic plates slide past one another

A

Transform boundary

46
Q

The innermost portion of the Earth

A

Inner core

47
Q

The solid portions of the Earth

A

Inner core and the crust

48
Q

A place where subduction occurs is most likely to have

A

Volcanoes or a deep ocean trench

49
Q

Earthquakes can occur at

A

All boundaries

50
Q

Mountains can occur at

A

Convergent and divergent boundaries

51
Q

The actual point where the slipping between tectonic plates occur is called

A

The focus

52
Q

Earthquake waves that travel through the Earth’s interior are called

A

Body waves

53
Q

When heated rock becomes less dense and rises, cool more dense rock will sink down to take it’s place, creating a cycle called

A

Convection

54
Q

Which layer of Earth creates the magnetic field

A

Inner core

55
Q

Boundary between the crust and mantle is referred to as

A

Moho

56
Q

Most of the energy that drives the plate tectonic process on Earth comes from

A

The heat released by the core

57
Q

Slow movement of magma within Earth’s interior is a result of

A

Convection cells

58
Q

The northern hemisphere receives the most direct solar radiation in

A

Summer

59
Q

Rock layers are also referred to as

A

Strata

60
Q 
Rock layers are eroded, uplifted, distorted,and inverted because of
A. Meteor impacts
B. Gravitational forces from the moon
C. Changes in the Earth's magnetic field
D. Earth's tectonic activity
A

Earth’s tectonic activity

61
Q

The fossil record shows

A

Macroevolution

62
Q

Earth’s history is divided into

A

4 major eons

63
Q

A mass extinction is generally followed by

A

A massive radiation of life

64
Q

Occurs because of the availability of open niches following a large extinction event

A

Mass radiation of life

65
Q

4 eons of Earth’s history youngest to oldest

A

Hadean, Archean, Proterozoic, Phanerozoic

66
Q

First organisms preset in the fossil record

A

Prokaryotic cells

67
Q

The 3 major eras of the eon of Earth’s history oldest to youngest

A

Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

68
Q

The first photosynthetic organisms evolved during the ______ eon

A

Proterozoic

69
Q

The first life on Earth evolved during the ______ eon

A

Archean

70
Q

The first complex multicellular life evolved during the _____ era

A

Paleozoic

71
Q

Humans evolved during the _____ era

A

Cenozoic

72
Q

The beginning of a new era is usually marked by a

A

Explosive radiation of life

73
Q

The group of test subjects that does NOT receive treatment is the

A

Control group

74
Q

Long, upheld theories that have been supported by numerous experiments are best described as

A

Sound science

75
Q

Newly understood theories that have been supported by all experiments but are still relatively untested are best described as

A

Frontier science

76
Q

Earth is approximately ______ years old

A

4.6 billion

APES Flashcards (1 decks)

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