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Into To Programming, Javascript > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How To: Open a box that says Hello, world!

A

alert (“Hello,world.”);

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2
Q

What Are The Steps in Program Development?

A
  1. Define the problem
  2. Outline the solution
  3. Develop the outline into an algorithm
  4. Test the algorithm for correctness
  5. Code the algorithm into a specific programing language working in “versions”
  6. Run the latest “version” of the program on the computer
  7. Document and maintain the program
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3
Q

How do you define the problem?

A
  1. Input variable list
  2. processing checklist
  3. output variable list
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4
Q

How do you Outline the Solution?

A
  1. the major processing steps
  2. the major subtasks
  3. the user interface
  4. the major control structures
  5. the major variables and record structures
  6. the mainline logic
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5
Q

What is the unit of indentation for JavaScript?

A

Four Spaces

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6
Q

If a line of code is too long to fit on one line of the text editor, what unit of indentation must the continuation of the line be?

A

Eight Spaces

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7
Q

What is the maximum number of characters to use on a JavaScript line?

A

80 Characters

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8
Q

What are the comments that we need to use in this class?

A
  1. Our Name, Section and email at the top of our labs.
  2. A comment line at the start of each section within a program. These section comment lines must start with a verb. (Describing an action)
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9
Q

What are Semicolons used for in JavaScript?

A

To terminate a statement.

var firstName="Fred";
document.write(firstName);
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10
Q

Every Simple Statement must end with a semicolon, true or false?

A

True

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11
Q

Every simple statement must be on its own line, true or false?

A

True

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12
Q

When should you use blank lines?

A
  1. After each section of your program.
  2. Most operators must have a space above and below
  3. A space should follow every comma “,”

// Operator spacing

    var firstName = "Fred";
    var errorCount = 0;
errorCount += 3;

enteredNumbersSum = numberOne + numberTwo;
    // Note: The three exceptions to this rule are for the dot "." ,
    // the "++", and the "--" operators.
loopCounter++;                 // no space around the ++
loopCounter--;                 // no space around the --
document.write("Hi Parent");   // no space around the dot
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13
Q

What is JavaScript?

A
  1. JavaScript is an interpreted programing language.

2. There is a full computer program inside each browser that reads your JavaScript code and runs the code.

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14
Q

What is an “Interpreter”?

A

The full program within each browser that reads and runs the JavaScript code.

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15
Q

What are the three rules that we are concerned with in this class?

A
  1. Syntax
  2. Convention
  3. Style
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16
Q

What is the rule of syntax?

A

If a computer programing language enforces a rule then we call that rule “syntax”. This is the strongest level of rule. If you break this rule, the program will not run.

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17
Q

What rule is this?
If a computer programing language enforces a rule, this is the strongest level of rule. If you break this rule, the program will not run.

A

The rule of Syntax.

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18
Q

What is the rule of Convention?

A

If most users of a programing language all over the world do something the exact same way, it is called a “Convention”. Although the JavaScript language itself doesn’t care about these rules, if everyone is using them, there is a good reason for it. A professional follows convention.

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19
Q

What rule is this?
Something that users all over the world do the same. Although the JavaScript language does not care, there is usually a good reason for this and a professional will follow it.

A

The rule of Convention.

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20
Q

What is the rule of Style?

A

There are many ways of structuring your code. The main thing is that you pick a method and stick with it. Be consistent.

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21
Q

What rule is this?

There are many ways of structuring your code. The main thing is that you pick a method and stick with it. Be consistent.

A

The rule of Style.

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22
Q

Is JavaScript case sensitive?

A

yes.

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23
Q

True or False

JavaScript is not case sensitive.

A

False. JavaScript is case sensitive.

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24
Q

What is White Space in JavaScript?

A
  • Space
  • Tab
  • Carriage Return (officially called the “line terminator”
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25
Q

What does RAM stand for?

A

Random Access Memory

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26
Q

What Three things do computers do from our perspective?

A
  1. They get data into the program
  2. They process the data
  3. They output the data
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27
Q

What is RAM, Random Access Memory?

A

RAM is one long linear chain of bits. And a bit is a very simple thing, it’s just a 0 or a 1.

Think of each mark on the tape measure as a single bit.

Data is just a collection of bits in a known spot.

Say, starting at 5” on the tape measure and going for 10 marks.

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28
Q

What is a variable?

A

Data within a program is stored in variables. From a software perspective, a variable is a container that holds references to data.

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29
Q

What is a container that holds references to data.

A

A Variable

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30
Q

How many types of JavaScript statement are there?

A

2 types of JavaScript statements.

  1. A simple Statement
  2. A compound statement
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31
Q

What is a simple JavaScript statement?

A

A simple statement is simple:

x = 4;

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32
Q

What is a compound statement?

A

A compound statement combines multiple levels of logic. An if/the/else conditional is a good example:

    if (something == 1) {
        //Some Code Here
    } else {
        //Some other code here
    }
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33
Q

Triue or False, there are five JavaScript statement types.

A

False. There are Two Types of JavaScript statements.

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34
Q

True or False. A Compound statement is a simple statement.

A

False. A compound statements combines multiple levels of logic. Example would be an if then else statement.

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35
Q

True or False, certain words are reserved in JavaScript, meaning that you can not use them as Variables, identifiers or constant names within your program.

A

True.

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36
Q

What are the words that are currently reserved in JavaScript?

A 
break
case
catch
continue
debugger
default
delete
do
else
finally
for
function
if
in
instanceof
new
return
switch
this throw
try
typeof
var
void
while
with
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37
Q

What are the words that start with B that are reserved in JavaScript?

A

break

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38
Q

What are the words that start with C that are reserved in JavaScript?

A

Case
Catch
Continue

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39
Q

What are the words that start with D that are reserved in JavaScript?

A

Debugger
Default
Delete
Do

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40
Q

What are the words that start with F that are reserved in JavaScript?

A

Finally
For
Function

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41
Q

What are the words that start with I that are reserved in JavaScript?

A

If
In
Instanceof

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42
Q

What are the words that start with N that are reserved in JavaScript?

A

New

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43
Q

What are the words that start with R that are reserved in JavaScript?

A

Return

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44
Q

What are the words that start with S that are reserved in JavaScript?

A

Switch

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45
Q

What are the words that start with T that are reserved in JavaScript?

A

This
Throw
Try
Typeof

46
Q

What are the words that start with V that are reserved in JavaScript?

47
Q

What are the words that start with W that are reserved in JavaScript?

A

While

With

48
Q

How many words are currently reserved in JavaScript?

49
Q

How do you start a variable in JavaScript?

A

var

Start with the word var. This tells JavaScript to create a variable. The variable will be named by whatever set of characters follows. for example:

var count;

50
Q

Create a variable named birthday.

A

var birthday;

51
Q

Create a variable named count.

A

var count;

52
Q

Create a variable named count that has a value in it.

A

var count = 1;

“ = 1”
A space, an assignment operator, and the number 1

53
Q

What is a Prompt?

A

Prompt is a function/method of the window object.

The viewer is prompted to enter something into the text box that displays.

54
Q

What does the prompt( ) method do?

A

the program opens a small dialog box on the screen that contains:

  1. A (usually) short phrase asking the viewer to key in some information
  2. A text box into which a viewer will key in information
  3. An OK button for the viewer to click when he/she has keyed in the information
  4. A cancel button to close the dialog box without keying in anything
55
Q

Does the prompt() method return something back into the program itself?

A

Yes. It will return what the viewer keys in.

56
Q

Does the prompt() method require a variable to catch the returned information?

A

Yes.

You need to set a variable before the prompt and then use the variable in conjunction with the prompt.

var firstName;   //This would be up in the variable section of the program

firstName = prompt("Enter your first name");
57
Q

True or false: The prompt () method always returns a string, even when the viewer keys in just numerals.

58
Q

Break down the following:

document.write(“This is a string”)

A
  1. Document refers to the HTML page that contains the JavaScript program
  2. The period, called the dot, is a way to access things inside of your document.
  3. The word write is the method of the document object.
59
Q

Create a variable to print out your name.

A 
var myName = "Jessica Page";
document.write(myName);
60
Q

Create a variable.

Prompt user for the variable and assign the resulting value to the variable you created.

output the variable to the page

A

var name;

var name = prompt(“What’s Your Name”);

document.write(name);

61
Q

Prompt user for var lastName; and assign the resulting value to the variable.

A

var lastName = prompt(“What’s your last name”);

62
Q

Output a single space with a document.write()

A

document.write(“ “);

63
Q

What are the data types in JavaScript?

A
  • Numbers
  • Strings
  • Booleans
  • Null
  • Undefined
  • Objects
64
Q

How many data types are there in JavaScript?

A

6

  • Numbers
  • Strings
  • Booleans
  • Null
  • Undefined
  • Objects
65
Q

What three Data Types will we be focusing on this semester?

A
  • Numbers
  • Strings
  • Booleans
66
Q

How do you declare a variable that is just a number?

A

Just declare a variable and put a number in it. Do not type the number with quotes.

var count = 1;
var price = 12.99;
67
Q

Is the following a variable using the Number data type?

var priceString = “12.99”;

A

No. Because it uses quotes.
A Number Variable is just declaring a variable with a number in it and no quotes.

var priceString = 12.99;

68
Q

Do we have to tell JavaScript that a variable is a number?

69
Q

What is a string?

A

Anything entered into a computer by typing is a string.

70
Q

When a user is asked to enter a number in a prompt dialog, what data type comes into your program?

71
Q

Convert the following to a number.

var price;
price = prompt(“Enter a price.”);

A

price = Number(price);

72
Q

What does the Number() function do?

var price;
price = prompt(“Enter a price.”);
price = Number(price)

A

The number function takes the current string in the variable and converts it to a number if it can. Then our line of code puts the new number back into the price variable.

73
Q

True or False:
When data enters the program via the prompt() method, the keyed in digits need to be converted to numeric format via the Number() function.

74
Q

True or False:
When data enters the program via the prompt() method, the keyed in digits do not need to be converted to numeric format via the Number() function.

A

False.

var price;
price = prompt(“Enter a price.”);
price = Number(price)

The entered price (prompt) is a string.

Then it becomes a number, with the number function creating a string and the string being given to the number function.
price = Number(price)

75
Q

What symbol do we use for addition?

76
Q

What symbol do we use for subtraction?

77
Q

What symbol do we use for multiplication?

78
Q

What symbol do we use for division?

79
Q

True or False:

String are a series of characters surrounded by single or double quotes.

80
Q

What are strings?

A

Strings are a series of characters surrounded by double or single quotes.

81
Q

True or False:

If a string is surrounded by double quotes, you can have single quotes inside the string.

82
Q

True or False:

If a string is surrounded by single quotes, you can have double quotes inside the string.

83
Q

True or False:

You can not have a string with single quotes inside double quotes.

A

False.

If a string is surrounded by double quotes you can have single quotes inside the string.

84
Q

True or False:

You can not have a string with double quotes inside single quotes.

A

False.

If a string is surrounded by double quotes, you can have single quotes inside the string.

85
Q

What is an escape character?

A

An escape character is a special character that is added with a preceding “"

86
Q

How would you add a backspace into a string?

87
Q

What is \b if in a string?

88
Q

How would you add a tab to a string?

89
Q

What is \t in a string?

90
Q

What is \n in a string?

91
Q

How would you add a newline in a string?

92
Q

How would you add a single quote to a string?

A 
\'
example: 
var output;
output = 'Here\'s a single quote.'
document.write(output);
93
Q

What is \f in a string?

94
Q

What is \r in a string?

A

Carriage Return

95
Q

What is \ in a string?

A

Literal backslash

96
Q

what is " in a string?

A

Double Quote

97
Q

What is ' in a string?

A

Single quote.

98
Q

How would you add a carriage return in a string?

99
Q

How would you add a form field in a string?

100
Q

How would you add a literal backslash in a string?

101
Q

How would you add a double quote in a string?

102
Q

How would you add a tab to a string?

A

\t
Example:
var outputOne;
var outputTwo;

outputOne = "one\tTwo\tThree\tFour";
outputTwo = "1\t2\t3\t4\t";

document. write(outputOne);
document. write(“<br></br>”);
document. write(outputTwo);

One Two Three Four
1 2 3 4

103
Q

What is a property?

A

A property is a characteristic of an object.

104
Q

What is the .length property?

A

it gives the length of a string:
Example:
var whatWillThisBe = “This is a string”.length;

The mystery variable is 16

105
Q

What is a “Method”?

A

Method refers to a pre-written program always used in conjunction with an “Object”.

106
Q

What is the alert() method tied to?

A

The alert() method is tied to the “window” object.

107
Q

What refers to a pre-written program that is always used in conjunction with an object?

108
Q

True or False:

Method refers to a pre-written program always used in conjunction with an “Object”.

109
Q

True or False:

Methods are not associated with Objects.

A

False.

A method is a pre-written program that is always associated with an “Object”.

110
Q

What are three of the simplest “Expressions”?

A 
1. A string. (Text within quotes) 
alert("Hello World");
2. A number (No Quotes)
alert(123);
3. The Variable Name (No Quotes)
alert(firstName);
111
Q

Can you do mathematical operations in the alert() method?

A

Yes, but it is not recommended.

112
Q

How do you convert a string to a number while declaring the variable?

A

numberOne = Number(prompt (“What is a number?”));

Into To Programming, Javascript (4 decks)

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