unit 1 Flashcards
similar charges ______
repel
opposite charges ______
attract
atoms contain 2 kinds of electrically charged subatomic particles ______ and ______
electrons and protons
the force between two charged particles is __________ if the charge is greater and closer together
stronger. distance and power of the charge are the main factors of force
the net charge is _______
the sum of positive and negative charges
Atoms have no net charge. therefore, the number of protons _____ the number of neutrons
equals
if an atom gains or loses electrons, they become known as _____
ions
a negative ion that has gained electrons is called an ____
anion
a positive ion that has lost electrons is called a ____
cation
name four groups of elements that exibit similar chemical behavior. each group has a common electric charge
group 1 - alkali metals (+1)
group 2 - alkaline metals (+2)
group 17 - halogens (-1)
group 18 - noble gases
e.g. Group 15 (-3) Group 16 (-2)
diatomic atoms consist of molecules in which _____ atoms are bonded together
two
name 7 diatomic elements
H2 = hydrogen O2 = oxygen F2 = fluorine Br2 = bromine I2 = iodine N2 = nitrogen Cl2 = chlorine
Symbol and Charge for 1 proton
symbol: p+
charge: +1
name some polyatomic ions (7)
NH4+ = ammonium OH- = hydroxide HCO3- = hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate) CO3^2- = carbonate NO3- = nitrate SO4^2- = sulfate PO4^3- = phosphate
name 3 common compounds
H2O = water CH4 = methane NH3 = ammonia
