Unit 1 Flashcards
Disanalogy
Pointing out a large difference between two situation, for example a trip to Mars is no visit to grandmas house
Analogy
When someone uses a similar situation to make a judgement on another one
Principle
A general rule that can act as guidance. Eg. It’s our duty to help the poor
Principle indicator words
Should, must, ought, duty, shouldn’t, ought not, never
Assertion
Where a claim is made with nothing further drawn from it
Argument
A written or spoken attempt to persuade, using reasons to support a conclusion
Reason
A claim used to support a conclusion
Conclusion
The authors point of their argument
What is the conclusion of this-
Many UK 16 year olds will reach their 100th birthday so young people should pick their partner carefully
young people should pick their partner carefully
Conclusion indicator words
So, therefore
Reason indicator word
Because
Hypothetical reasoning example and indicator word
If I was better at maths, I would beat the entire year group
If…then
If…would
Example indicator words
For example
For instance
Counter argument/assertion indicator words
Despite
Although
Intermediate conclusion
A smaller conclusion before the main one
What’s the conclusion-
Critical thinking must be a good test of intelligence. Our students’ grades directly relate to IQ
Critical thinking must be a good test of intelligence
What’s the difference between a reason and evidence?
A reason is generally why, whereas evidence is statistics, or research findings
Another word for an assumption
Supposition
What does the C of craven stand for?
Circumstance
What does the R of craven stand for?
Reputation
What does the A of craven stand for?
Ability to see/perceive
What does the V of craven stand for?
Vested interest
What does the E of craven stand for?
Expertise
What does the N of craven stand for?
Neutrality
What makes a reason, a reason?
It backs up the conclusion. If you want to check this do the negative test.
Name one assumption in this.
Girls are doing so much better than boys in school subjects that soon all the best jobs will be taken by females.
There is a correlation between grades and getting a job
…or…
If girls are doing well now, they will continue to do so in the future (Also hypothetical reasoning)
Things to consider when analysing a photo (4)
Could it have been photoshopped or cropped?
How can you be sure this wasn’t staged?
Is the photo too blurred to be 100% certain on the details?
Was the photo taken strategically to achieve a certain effect?
In longer questions you assess __________ and _________
Plausibility and credibility
When discussing plausibility, what should you consider?
If the reasoning supports the conclusion
Whether evidence is fact or an opinion
Whether examples are relevant
If there is any contradiction in the argument
