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Chemistry > Unit 1 2016 > Flashcards

Unit 1 2016 Flashcards

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1
Q

what happens when an atom loses/gains an electron?

A

It becomes charged, an ion.

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2
Q

Where is the lowest energy level?

A

closest to the nulceus

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3
Q

Why do atoms react?

A

because they don’t have a full outer shell

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4
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

metal loses electrons to form a positive ion and non-metal gains electrons to form a negative ion. Then opposite charges.

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5
Q

What is covalent bonding?

A

Two non-metals share electrons

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6
Q

Advantages of limestone quarries

A

provides jobs, crater could be used for lesisure activities (s), crater could be used as a nature reserve or landfill (En), money made from cement/ other building material(E).

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7
Q

Disadvantages of limestone quarries

A

Loud, lorries are not ecofriendly and may wear away the verges, the jobs are not permanent, costs a lot to set up.

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8
Q

What is the limestone cycle?

A

CaCO3 -> CaO -> Ca(OH)2(s) -> Ca(OH)2(aq)

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9
Q

What is an ore?

A

Rock that contains enough metal to make extraction economically viable.

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10
Q

What is reduction with carbon?

A

Oxygen is removed by heating with carbon in a blast furnace (depends on whether the metal is below carbon on the reactivity series)

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11
Q

`What is electrolysis?

A

Used to purify copper by splitting it up with electricity (expensive) Copper moves to the negatively charged side of pure copper.

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12
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

Put a reactive metal in a solution of dissolved metal compound. The reactive metal will replace the less reactive metal in the compound.

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13
Q

What is bioleaching?

A

Uses bacteria to separate copper from copper sulphate

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14
Q

what is phytomining?

A

grows plants in soil that contains copper then burning the plants to get the copper.

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15
Q

What are some properties of metals?

A

Strong, ductile, Malleable and conducts heat + electricity

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16
Q

What is an alloy?

A

a mixture of two elements, one of which being a metal.

17
Q

What are properties of alloys?

A

harder because different sized atoms stop layers sliding.

18
Q

What are the 3 different types of steel?

A

Low Carbon, High Carbon and Stainless Steel.

19
Q

What is crude oil?

A

A mixture of hydrocarbons. No chemical bond so the keep their original properties (e.g. condensing point) meaning the mixture can be separated by physical methods.

20
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

A way of splitting up crude oil into different length hydrocarbons.

21
Q

What is an Alkane?

A

Saturated (carbon has as many possible bonds with hydrogen) CnH2n+2

22
Q

What happen it the chain is short?

A

It is runny, volatile and flammable.

23
Q

What does burning fossils fuels make?

A

Carbon dioxide (global warming), particulates (global dimming), sulfur dioxide if there are impurities (acid rain) and carbon monoxide if there is not enough oxygen.

24
Q

What are some alternative fuels?

A

Ethanol, Biodiesle and hydrogen gas

25
Q

What is cracking?

A

When the long hydrocarbon chain is broken into shorter ones. It is a thermal decomposition reaction and the long chain is passed over aluminium oxide at 500 degrees.

26
Q

How can ethanol be made?

A

By hydrating ethene or by fermentation

27
Q

What is polymerisation?

A

Joining many monomers to make a long chain.

28
Q

How can you extract plant oils?

A

By crushing or distillation

29
Q

What do vegetable oils provide?

A

energy, nutrients, fatty acids, flavour, higher boiling points.

30
Q

What do unsaturated oils do in bromine water?

A

decolourise it.

31
Q

What is hydrogenation?

A

unsaturated oils being harderened by adding hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst at 60 degrees.

32
Q

What is an emulsion?

A

lots of droplets of one liquid suspended in another.

33
Q

What is evidence for wegners theory of continental drift?

A

1) Fossils are similar on opposite sides of the Atlantic ocean
2) ‘jigsaw fit’
3) Matching layer of rock in both continents

34
Q

What is the evolution of the atomphere?

A

1) Lots of volcanic eruptions. mostly CO2, Methane and Ammonia.
2) Green plants +algae evolved and produced oxygen by photosynthesis.
3) build-up of oxygen allowed complex organisms and the ozone layer to form.

35
Q

What is the primordial soup/

A

amino acid formed organic matter and simple organisms.

36
Q

How do you fractionally distill air?

A

Filter, Liquefaction, and distillation

Chemistry (5 decks)

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