unit 1-2 vocab Flashcards
speech
the dynamic neuromuscular process of producing speech sounds for communication; verbal means of expression
phoneme
smallest linguistic unit of sound, each with distinctive features, that can signal a difference in meaning when modified (cat vs bat)
language
a socially shared code or conventional system for representing concepts through the use of arbitrary symbols and rule-governed combinations of those symbols
communication
the exchange of information, ideas, needs and desires, between 2 or more individuals
dialects
subcategories of a parent language that uses similar but not identical rules
deficit approach
notion that only one dialect of a language is inherently correct or standard and that others are substandard or exhibit some deficit
sociolinguistic approach
considers that all dialectal variation is to be related to each other and the idealized standard. each dialect is a valid rule system and therefore none is better than the other
code switching
process of varying between 2 or more languages
bilingual
fluent in 2 languages, uses 2 languages on a daily basis
paralinguistic codes
vocal and non vocal codes that are super imposed on linguistic code to signal the speaker’s attitude or emotion or to clarify or provide additional meaning (intonation, tone, stress)
non-linguistic cues
coding devices that contribute to communication but are not a part of speech. body posture, eye contact, head movement, facial expression, physical distance
syntax
specifying word order, sentence organization, word relationships
morphology
change in meaning at intraword level
morpheme
smallest unit of meaning- bound and free
phonology
structure, distribution, sequencing of speech sound patterns
