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Chemisty- Year 9 > Unit 1 & 2- Seperating Particles And Method/ Atomic Structure > Flashcards

Unit 1 & 2- Seperating Particles And Method/ Atomic Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What is crystallisation?

A

Crystallisation is when you separate water from salt

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2
Q

What is the simple method of crystallisation

A
  1. Crush the rock salt with a pastel and mortal (so it is easier for the salt to dissolve)
  2. Dissolve the salt ( to separate the salt from the rock)
  3. Filter off the rock (to separate the rock/ residue from the salty water)
  4. Evaporate the water, on a Bunsen burner, take the evaporating basin off the bunsen burning before it starts spiting and let it evaporate naturally
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3
Q

What is distillation

A

Separating a solid from a liquid

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4
Q

What do u put in a solution when you are full scale distillation

A

Anti bumping granules

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5
Q

What is the thing called that the distillate is carried through

A

Dilverary tube

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6
Q

What it the thing called that passes cold water through so the distillate condense quicker

A

Liebig condenser

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7
Q

Why is full scale distillation better?

A

Because…

  1. You do not lose the distillate
  2. There is a thermometer so you know when it is boiling
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8
Q

What is filtration?

A

Filtration is when you filter a solid out of a liquid

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9
Q

What is fractional distillation?

A

It is when you separate two liquids with similar boiling points

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10
Q

What is the extra apparatus that you use in fractional distillation

A

Fractionating column

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11
Q

In chromatography what does it mean i your ink does not travel up your page far

A

It means that the ink is not very soluble

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12
Q

In chromatography what happen it you draw your line in ink

A

The ink line would travel up the page just like the substance you are testing

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13
Q

What is an element

A

An element is a substance that are made from only one type of atom

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14
Q

What is an atom

A

An atom is the smallest unit of an element the still has the same properties as an element

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15
Q

What is a mixture

A

A mixture is when atoms, elements or molecules mix together

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16
Q

What is a compound

A

A compound is when atoms of different elements join together

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17
Q

What is a molecules?

A

A molecules is when two or more atoms join together

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18
Q

What is the apparatus that is used in fractional distillation but not used in full scale distillation

A

A fractionating colum

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19
Q

What will happen if you draw the pencil line in chromato graphy in pen

A

The ink will spread up the paper just like the substance that you are testing

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20
Q

What does it mean if the ink your are testing does not travel far up the page

A

It is not very soluble

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21
Q

What is an element

A

An element is a substance that are made from only one type of atom

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22
Q

What is an atom

A

The smallest unit of an element that still has the same properties as an element

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23
Q

What is a mixture

A

When atoms, element or molecules mix together

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24
Q

What is a compounds

A

A compounds is when atoms of different elements join together

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25
Q

What is a molecule

A

A molecule is when two or more atoms join together

26
Q

What is it called when a gas turns into a liquid

A

Condensation

27
Q

What is it called when a liquid turns into a solid

A

Freezing

28
Q

What is it called when solid turns into a liquid

A

Melting

29
Q

What is it called when a liquid turns into a gas

A

Evaporation

30
Q

What is it called when a solid turns into a gas

A

Sublimation

31
Q

What does a solid have

A

A fixed shape

32
Q

What is diffusion

A

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

33
Q

Where is the protons and the neutrons in the atom

A

The protons and neutrons are in the nucleus

34
Q

Where are the electrons in the atom

A

The electrons are in the shells and orbit the nucleus

35
Q

Protons are…

A

Very heavy and positive

36
Q

Neutrons are…

A

Very heavy and neutral

37
Q

Electrons are…

A

Very light and negative

38
Q

In the atom where does most the mass come from

A

Most of the mass comes from the nucleus because it contains protons and neutrons and they are both very heavy

39
Q

Atomic number=

A

The smaller number

40
Q

Mass number=

A

The bigger number

41
Q

Proton=

A

Atomic number, so the smaller one

42
Q

Electrons=

A

Atomic number, so the smaller one

43
Q

Neutron=

A

Mass number - Atomic number

44
Q

What are isotopes

A

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different mass numbers. They have the same numbers of protons but different number of neutrons

45
Q

What is relative atomic mass

A

The relative atomic mass of an element is the adverage mass of the isotopes of the element compared with 1/12 the mass of an atom of carbon-12

46
Q

The relative atomic mass has the same value as the….

A

Mass number

47
Q

How do you find the adverage mass of 35Cl abundance = 75% and 37Cl abundance = 25%

A

(35 ✖️75) + (37 ✖️25) ➗ 100

= 35.5

48
Q

What is relative formula mass (mass of a compound)

A

This is the mass of one formula unit of any compound. This is calculated by adding together the atomic masses of all the elements present in the compound

49
Q

CO2 in relative formula mass

A

CO2
| \ \
12+16+16= 44

50
Q

How many electrons can the first shell hold

A

2 electrons

51
Q

How many electrons can the second shell hold

A

8 electrons

52
Q

How many electrons can the 3rd shell hold

A

8 electrons

53
Q

In the Periodic table what does the colum mean

A

How many electrons in the outer shell

54
Q

In the periodic table what does the periods mean

A

The amount of shells

55
Q

Name 6 properties of a metal

A
  1. They are shiny
  2. Good at conducting electricity
  3. Good heat conductors
  4. High melting point
  5. They are malleable (they will change shape when hit with a hammer)
  6. They are ductile (you can put it into wires
56
Q

What does a giant metallic structure have?

A
  1. Sea of delocalised Mobile electrons

2. Positive metal ions (cation)

57
Q

What does the metallic bonding have

A

Strong electrostatic attraction between the positive metal cations and the negative sea of delocalised electrons

58
Q

Why do metals have a high melting point and boiling point?

A
  • when you melt a substance the particles are pulled away from each other
  • in a metal we need to pull the cations ways from each other
  • we need a lot of energy to over come the strong electrostatic attraction between the positive metal cations and the sea of delocalised electrons
59
Q

Why are metals good at conducting electricity

A
  • electric currents is a flow of electrons
  • the sea of mobile delocalised electrons can move
  • they move to a positive terimal of a battery
60
Q

Why are metals malleable and ductile

A
  • layers of cations (or atoms) slide over each other

* the sea of delocalised electrons stays around the cations so the attraction between the particles is maintain

Chemisty- Year 9 (2 decks)

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