Unit 1/2 Review

Question 1

The person who established America’s first psychological research laboratory and who launched America’s first psychology journal was

Answer 1

G. Stanely HILL

Question 2

The school of psychology associated with understanding the purpose of behavior was

Answer 2

FUNCTIONALISM (function of mental processes; consciousness)

Question 3

The notion that unconscious motivations can influence our overt behavior is most consistent with the views of

Answer 3

Sigmund FREUD

Question 4

Sigmund Freud developed an innovative procedure for treating people with psychological problems, which he called

Answer 4

PSYCHOANALYSIS

Question 5

Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by

Answer 5

PERSONAL CONFLICTS EXISTING AT AN UNCONSCIOUS LEVEL

Question 6

The psychologist who proposed that the study of consciousness should be replaced by the study of behavior was

Answer 6

John B. WATSON

Question 7

With which of the following individuals is B. F. Skinner most in agreement on the issue of internal mental events?

Answer 7

John WATSON

Question 8

A behaviorist would agree that

Answer 8

Psychology should be the science of behavior that can be observed by others

Question 9

According to John Watson, behavior is governed by

Answer 9

THE ENVIRONMENT

Question 10

The school of psychology that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, and suggests that we have a drive for personal growth is

Answer 10

HUMANISM

Question 11

The branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders is called

Answer 11

Clinical psychology

Question 12

What best characterizes a psychologist’s current understanding of the relationship between heredity and environment?

Answer 12

MOTIVES AND EXPECTATIONS CAN COLOR OUF EXPERIENCES

Question 13

Any measurable conditions, events, characteristics, or behaviors that are controlled or observed in a study are called

Answer 13

VARIABLES

Question 14

Manipulating a variable under carefully controlled conditions and observing the changes in a second variable defines

Answer 14

EXPERIMENTALL APPROACH

Question 15

In an experiment, the variable that is controlled or manipulated by the researcher is called the

Answer 15

INDEPENDENT VARIABLE (cause)

Question 16

If we view an experiment as an attempt to establish a cause-affect relationship, the ______ variable would be the cause, and the ______ variable would be the effect.

Answer 16

INDEPENDENT; DEPENDENT

Question 17

David and Alex both take part in a research study that is investigating the effects of sleep deprivation on reaction time. David is kept awake for 24 hours straight, while Alex follows her normal sleep routine. In this study, David is part of the

Answer 17

EXPERIMENTAL GROUP

Question 18

By definition, an extraneous variable is

Answer 18

A variable, other than the independent variable, that may influence the dependent variable

Question 19

In experiments, placing subjects in experimental groups such that each subject has an equal probability of ending up in any experimental group is referred to as

Answer 19

RANDOM SELECTION

Question 20

One of the disadvantages of the experimental method is

Answer 20

The fact that experiments often CANT BE DONE FOR PRACTICAL OR ETHICAL REASONS

Question 21

This research method involves an in-depth investigation of an individual subject

Answer 21

CASE STUDY

Question 22

Statistics can’t be used to

Answer 22

ORGANIZE OBSERVATIONS

Question 23

The median is

Answer 23

THE SCORE THAT FALLS EXACTLY IN THE MIDDLE OF A DISTRIBUTION

Question 24

Mean

Answer 24

ARITHMETIC AVERAGE OF SCORES

Question 25

Mode

Answer 25

MOST FREQUENT SCORE

Question 26

Median

Answer 26

THE SCORE THAT FALLS EXACTLY IN THE CENTER OF DISTRIBUTION OF SCORES

Question 27

The correlation coefficient is a measure of

Answer 27

The degree of relationship between two variables

Question 28

The philosopher that was first to conclude that knowledge results from our memories of our experiences

Answer 28

ARISTOTLE

Question 29

He used the method of introspection to scientifically identify basic elements of mind

Answer 29

Edward TITCHENER

Question 30

The early school of psychology known as functionalism was developed by

Answer 30

William JAMES

Question 31

In explaining human behavior, psychoanalysts are likely to focus on _____, whereas humanistic psychologists concentrate on _____.

Answer 31

CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES AND UNCONSCIOUS THOUGHT PROCESSES; CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES ON POTENTIAL

Question 32

In the 1960s, humanistic psychologists considered the approach advanced by behaviorists to be excessively

Answer 32

LIMITED

Question 33

This perspective is most directly concerned with how the physical properties of the brain influence behaviors and mental states

Answer 33

BIOLOGICAL

Question 34

A concern with the reasoning processes that contribute to effective problem-solving is most characteristic of the ______ perspective

Answer 34

BEHAVIORAL

Question 35

A theoretical perspective in psychology can be like a two-dimensional view of a three-dimensional object because each perspective is

Answer 35

LIMITED IN ITS SCOPE

Question 36

Mr. Kay is interested in whether individual differences affect learning. Mr. Kay is most likely a(n) ______ psychologist.

Answer 36

EDUCATIONAL

Question 37

What is the advantage of researchers using an empirical approach in evaluating the accuracy of eyewitness testimony?

Answer 37

Under controlled conditions, researchers collect evidence that may justify a cause-effect conclusion.

Question 38

The complete set of cases from which samples may be drawn is called a(n)

Answer 38

POPULATION

Question 39

Correlation research is most useful for purposes of

Answer 39

PREDICTION

Question 40

In a test of the effects of sleep deprivation on problem-solving skills, research participants are allowed to sleep either 4 or 8 hours on each of three consecutive nights. This research is an example of

Answer 40

AN EXPERIMENT

Question 41

Both the researchers and the participants in a memory study are ignorant about which participants have actually received a potentially memory-enhancing drug and which have received a placebo. This investigation involves the use of

Answer 41

THE DOUBLE-BLIND PROCURE

Question 42

The double-blind procedure

Answer 42

And experimental procedure in which both the research participants and the research staff are ignorant about whether the research participants have received treatment or a placebo. (commonly used in drug evaluation studies)

Question 43

In a drug treatment study, participants given a pill containing no actual drug are receiving a(n)

Answer 43

PLACEBO

Question 44

Which measure of central tendency would be most appropriate in determining housing values in a particular community?

Answer 44

MEDIAN

Question 45

Which of the following defines ethical principles that should guide human experimentation?

Answer 45

INFORMED CONSENT, PROTECTION FROM HARM, CONFIDENTIALITY, DEBRIEFING

Question 46

Which perspective is most relevant to understanding the impact of strokes and brain diseases on memory?

Answer 46

BIOLOGICAL

Question 47

The distinctive feature of the psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on

Answer 47

UNCONSCIOUS CONFLICTS

Question 48

When we see certain outcomes as obvious based on what has occurred, we may be experiencing

Answer 48

HINDSIGHT BIAS

Question 49

Hypotheses best described as

Answer 49

PREDICTIONS

Question 50

The person responsible for establishing psychology as an independent discipline with its own subject matter is

Answer 50

Wilhelm WUNDT