Unit 1 + 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Manicure
A
- derived from the Latin, manus (hand) and cura (care)
- refers to a cosmetic treatment of the hands and nails to improve their appearance and condition
2
Q
Pedicure
A
- is of French origin, meaning a cosmetic treatment of the feet and toe nails to improve their appearance and condition
3
Q
The nail
A
- a protective covering composed of dead cells, filled with a solid protein, keratin, similar to that in hair
- the visible part of the nail is dead, while the matrix under the skin is alive
- the nail grows from the matrix and as new cells build up and die, the nail pushes forward and out towards the surface
- the cuticle is the protective skin layer, between the nail plate and the matrix
4
Q
Fortifying nail products
A
- none of these will improve weak, brittle or soft nails
- what is genetically predetermined cannot be permanently transformed
- most nail care products, when diligently applied, only improve the appearance by providing protection against abuse
5
Q
What will change the health and appearance of healthy and strong nails
A
- damage to the nail bed
- trauma
- constant use of harsh chemicals
- microbial infections
- (maybe) pushing the cuticles back too much
6
Q
Purpose of a manicure
A
- regular and attentive care is necessary if immaculate nails are to be maintained (this point must be stressed to the client)
- as the nails are vital to a groomed appearance, the manicure treatment is one of the most popular services that a therapist can offer
- the outline of the nail is kept smooth, infection is prevented and only gentle treatment is required to maintain an attractive cosmetic appearance
- regular professional attention will also prevent minor nail damage, splits, tears and fragile tips
- repairs and remedial home treatment can be introduced as soon as possible to prevent worsening of the existing condition
- the protective role of the enamel and adherent strengthening preparations should be exploited to the full
- the addition of massage improves the skin, delays ageing tendencies such as wrinkles or discoloured skin and controls areas of senile pigmentation in the mature client by the addition of bleaching preps in the massage medium
7
Q
Indications that a manicure/pedicure is advisable
A
- nails with poor blood circulation (nails which are a blue/purple colour)
- nail biters
- hang nails
- ingrown toenails
- overgrowth of cuticles
- white spots
- thin, soft, spoon-shaped nails
8
Q
Contra-indication
A
- any condition, which may alter or change the normal course of manicure or pedicure treatment
9
Q
Contra-indications of a manicure/pedicure
A
- signs of infection or disease or when the nail plate texture looks unhealthy or may be crumbling
- when in doubt refer the client to a dermatologist or general practitioner for treatment or confirmation
- if only 1 nail is affected, treatment may be performed on the rest of the nails (isolate the nail with elastoplast)
- fungal infections (tinea unguium) and bacterial infections (paronychia) are strongly contra-indicated as they are highly infectious
- painful areas should not be treated, especially when inflammation or pus is present
- verruca are contagious, if a single wart is present, cover it with an elastoplast so that the rest of the area can be treated
10
Q
Contra-indications for a pedi
A
same as manicures but also include:
- athletes foot
- varicose veins
- verruca plantaris
- diabetes
- ingrown toe nails-if infected
11
Q
Time required (45 for mani and 60 min for pedi)
A
1) Does the client require nail polish
- time required will be extended to compensate for enough drying time
2) Do any of the nails require repair procedures
- again extra time will be needed
3) Does she require additional services (hand paraffin wax treatment or warm oil treatment)
- additional costs and labour- requires extra time
12
Q
The skin consists of 3 layers
A
- epidermis
- dermis
- hypodermis
13
Q
The appendages of the skin include:
A
- sebaceous glands
- sweat glands
- hair follicles
- hair
- nails
14
Q
Nails are extensions of the
A
- epidermal layer of the skin
15
Q
Human nails are
A
horny, semi-transparent, flattish and almost rectangular plates
- found on the top surface, at the end of the last segment of each finger/toe
- they vary in thickness (0.5mm-0.75mm)
- part of a system which replenishes the nail plate continuously and protects and seals it from infection and the environment
16
Q
Nails consist of
A
- dead keratinized epidermal cells
- clear, waterproof
- the protein contains C, H, O, S, N
17
Q
The nail system consists of the following main regions
A
- nail root
- body
- border (free edge)
18
Q
Anatomy of the nail
A
- hyponychium
- nail plate
- free edge
- nail grooves
- nail bed
- matrix
- eponychium
- nail fold/cuticle
- mantle
- lunula
19
Q
Functions of the nails
A
- protects the end of the finger bones/toe bones from damage
- aids the manipulation to pick up small/flat objects
- heightens the sense of touch, gives ridged support to the end of the fingers when applying pressure
- allows the primate to scratch and groom itself and others
20
Q
Factors affecting nail growth
A
- general health
- age
- diet
- medication
- occupation
- damage to the matrix
- genetics
21
Q
Growth of the nails
A
toe- 1mm per week and is replaced once a year
finger- 3mm per week and is replaced 2-3x a year
- growth rate decreases with age and increases in the summer, during sleep and during pregnancy
22
Q
Formation of the nail
A
23
Q
Nail plate
A
- consists of hard, translucent, keratinized cells which are tightly packed together with fat and very little moisture
- no blood vessels or nerves are present here
function: to protect the nail bed under it
24
Q
Free-edge
A
- distal end of the nail plate and it is extends past the fingertip, therefore no longer attached to the nail bed
function: protect the finger tip and hyponychium
25
Hyponychium
- under the free edge of the nail and this part of the epidermis supports the nail plate
function: protects the nail bed against invasion of microbes and infection
26
Nail edges and nail grooves
nail edges- move along these grooves as the nail grows forward
nail grooves- ensure the nail grows forward in a straight line
27
Nail bed
- blood vessels provide the nail bed with nourishment needed for growth and is also amply supplied by nerve-ends
- both the nail bed and nail plate are formed by the matrix and move forward together, therefore injury to the matrix will affect both of these
function: holds the nail plate firmly to the nail bed
28
Matrix
- located under the eponychium at the base of the nail
- nerves, lymphatics and blood vessels are present here
- formed by stem cells in the stratum germinativum
- only living part of the nail that constantly produces new cells
- the character, quality, health and strength of the nail is determined by the matrix
29
Eponychium
- the cuticle at the base of the nail
30
Cuticle/nail fold (collective name is the perionychium)
- nail fold frames the nail and surrounds the visible portion of the nail plate on 3 edges
- the cuticle is the overlapping epidermis around the base of the nail
31
Mantle
- the deep fold of skin over the matrix and around the base of the nail
function: protects the matrix from physical damage
32
Lunula
- pearly, crescent shaped section of the matrix, visible above the cuticle
- appears whitish due to vascular tissue underneath, which does not show through and because keratohyalin is present
- forms a bridge between the living matrix and the closely packed layers of cells that form the nail plate
