Unit 1-2 Flashcards
Place
Tells us what it is like to live somewhere using physical and human characteristics
Region
Answers, “How are places similar or different
Types regions
Formal,Functional,Perceptual
Formal
Regions defined by facts and can be proven examples: climate regions, nations/states (think boundaries),
predominant language of an area
Functional
regions consist of a central place (has a center point)
which impacts a surrounding area. Examples: Transportation centers,
water tower, airport, Interstate 385, a pizza delivery area
Perceptual
(or vernacular) regions are regions in which people
perceive, or see, the characteristics of the region in the same way.
However, the set of characteristics may not be precisely the same for
all people. Examples: the South in the USA, areas in a town or city, or
stereotypes about certain places
Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
Used to study changes in a countries population
Stages of DTM
1st stage—low population growth (high birth and
death rates)
2nd stage—high population growth (high birth
rates, dropping death rates)
3rd stage—moderate population growth (dropping
birth rates, dropping death rates)
4th stage—low population growth (low birth and
death rates)
4 Largest population clusters
Europe, East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia
Geography
the study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features
on the earth
Absolute Location
exact place of where something exists on earth
Relative Location
description of a place and its location in relation to places around it
Hemisphere
half of a spherical body, such as a planet
Latitude
measurement of the distance of a place North or South of the equator
Equator
animaginaryline drawn around the earth equally distant from
bothpoles,dividingthe earth into northern and southernhemispheresandconstitutingthe
parallel of latitude 0°
Longitude
measurement of the distance of a place East or West of the Prime Meridian
Prime Meridian
an imaginary line drawn through both poles and the Royal Observatory
in London, England that is the 0°/starting point for measuring longitude
United Nations
(UN) an international governing body formed in 1945 to increase
political and economic cooperation among its member countries
Gross National Income
(GNI) the total amount of money earned by a nation’s people
and businesses
Gross Domestic Product
(GDP) an inflation-adjusted measure that reflects the value of
all goods and services produced by an economy in a given year
Standard of Living
the degree of wealth and material comfort available to a person or
community
Development
the process of improving the material conditions of people through
diffusion of knowledge and technology
Infant Mortality Rate
the number of infant deaths for every 1,000 live births
Life Expectancy
a statistical measure of the average time someone is expected to live,
based on the year of their birth, current age and other demographic factors including their
sex
Top 5 HDI countries
1.Switzerland 2. Norway 3.Iceland 4.Hong Kong 5.Denmark
Bottom 5 HDI countries
1.Somalia 2.South Sudan 3.Central African Republic 4.Niger 5.Chad
Educational accomplishments in MDCs
Years of education:16.3 years
Pupil/teacher ratio: below 15
Literacy rate: 99%-100%
Health/Diet accomplishments in MDCs
Big MDC=Healthier people
In many MDCs healthcare is free
How do countries improve HDI ranking
Improve GNI/capita, years of schooling, and life expectancy
