Unit 1 Flashcards
Study for Unit Test
Name the zone of rapidly changing temperature with depth.
Thermocline
Name the zone of rapidly changing salinity with depth.
Halocline
Name the zone of rapidly changing density with depth.
Pycnocline
This layer has sufficient sunlight for photosynthesis; its depth is usually 20-60 meters, rarely 100 meters.
Photic zone
The relationship between temperature and density is…
Inverse
This layer has insufficient light for photosynthesis and makes up most of ocean.
Aphotic zone
The relationship between salinity and density is…
Directly related
What is the % of the surface zone?
2%
What is the % of the transition zone?
18%; except polar region
What is the % of the deep ocean?
80%; except polar region
Average depth of the ocean?
3800m
Deepest depth of the ocean?
11000m
What’s a term for ‘near shore’?
Nearitic
What’s a term for ‘deep ocean’?
Pelagic
These are light emitting pigments found in bioluminescence.
Luciferin
This enzyme is found in bioluminescence.
Lucifrase
What is the name for passive drifters?
Plankton
These are a marine autotrophs that photosynthesize organic material from inorganic material.
Phytoplankton
This type of phytoplankton has a silica (silicious) shell.
Diatoms
This type of phytoplankton is made of calcium carbonate.
Coccolithophores
These are marine heterotrophs that feed on organic material produced by others.
Zoo plankton
This kind of organism produces organic material from inorganic material.
Autotroph
This kind of organism feeds on organic material produced by others.
Heterotroph
The name given to eggs, spores, and larvae of nektonic or benthic organisms.
Meroplankton
What can actively swim around and eat other things for food?
Nekton
What is the name given to bottom dwellers?
Benthos or benthic
Name the three zones of the ocean.
Surface, transition and deep ocean
What is located within the transition zone?
Thermocline, halocline and pycnocline
What is the average salinity of the ocean?
3.5% or 35ppt
Do the polar regions follow the same general guidelines of the ocean?
No, they’re the opposite
Name three examples of nektonic creatures.
Dolphin, whale, fish (pisces), shark, squid, octopus, sea horse, tuna, stingray
Where do phytoplankton live?
Within the photic zone
Where will you generally find zoo plankton?
The upper 1/3 of the ocean
Name the two types of benthic feeders.
Filter/suspension and sediment
Name two kinds of sediment feeders.
Worms, snails, sea cucumbers
Name two kinds of filter feeders
Clams, corals, sponges, crinoids, barnacles
What are the four divisions of benthic organisms?
Plants/kelp, filter feeders, sediment feeders and scavengers
Name two kinds of benthic scavengers.
Crab, lobster, starfish, shrimp
Give two examples of zoo plankton.
Jellyfish,
This type of creature cannot regulate their internal temperature; cold blooded.
Poikilothermic
This type of creature can regulate internal temperature; warm blooded.
Homoeothermic
What are the controlling factors of density?
Temperature and salinity
What are the three lifestyle requirements of nektonic organisms?
Neutral buoyancy, a propulsion system and senses
What type of the fish is a good indicator of lifestyle?
The size and shape of their fin
What are the two subdivisions of fish bone types?
Cartilaginous and bony
What is a holdfast?
A root like system that rests on top of the ground
Which zone are benthic essentially stuck in?
Photic
These benthic organisms feed on plankton from seawater and are generally anchored to one spot for life.
Filter feeders
What is a main function of a reef?
Modifies wave and current patterns, protects the shore from waves, induces upwelling
What is the optimum temperature for a coral reef?
18C to 28C
What is the optimum depth for a coral reef?
3 to 5 meters
These benthic organisms scrape food off sedimentary particles.
Sediment feeders
