Unit - 1 Flashcards
What is communication according to Hovland, Janis, and Kelly (1953)?
The process by which an individual transmits stimuli to modify the behavior of other individuals.
How does Anderson define communication?
A process by which we understand others and endeavor to be understood by them, dynamic and constantly changing.
What does W. Weaver (1949) say about communication?
All of the procedures by which one mind can affect another.
According to Miller (1951), what does communication mean?
Information is passed from one place to another.
List the elements of communication.
- Sender
- Message
- Channel
- Receiver
- Interpreter (Noise)
- Feedback
- Context
Define a model in the context of communication.
A systematic representation of an object or event in an idealized and abstract form.
What are the three major advantages of a successful pictorial model?
- Organizes concepts
- Explains processes
- Predicts outcomes
What is the purpose of models in communication?
To organize concepts, explain processes, and predict outcomes.
What are the three ways of viewing communication processes?
- Linear Model
- Interactive Model
- Transactional Model
What is the Linear Model of communication?
A one-way process where a receiver is affected by a message from a communication source.
Who developed Aristotle’s model of communication?
Aristotle.
What are the three elements of rhetoric according to Aristotle?
- Speaker
- Speech
- Audience
What are the three functions of communication in Harold Laswell’s model?
- Surveillance of the environment
- Correlation of components of society
- Cultural transmission between generations
What does the Shannon-Weaver model introduce that is not found in Aristotle’s model?
- Transmitter
- Receiver
- Sources of noise
Define ‘Noise’ in the context of the Shannon-Weaver model.
Any interference that might distort or interfere with the signal.
What are the two major types of noise?
- Channel noise
- Semantic noise
What is the main focus of the Shannon-Weaver model?
Information theory, and the transmission and reception of messages.
What is the role of a gatekeeper in the Westley-MacLean model?
Controls information and can prevent it from reaching a destination.
What characterizes interactive models of communication?
They consider communication as a two-way process where feedback is essential.
What does the Osgood and Schramm interactive model emphasize?
Communication as interactive and interpretive, with simultaneous sending and receiving of messages.
What does the transactional model propose about communication?
An ongoing exchange of messages where both sender and receiver influence what is communicated.
What are the three components of Barnlund’s Transactional Model of Communication?
- Encoding and decoding
- Feedback
- Context
How does Dance’s Helical Model of Communication describe the communication process?
As a circular process that gets more complex over time, represented by a helical spiral.
What are the six steps in Dance’s Helical Model?
- Initiating
- Understanding
- Perceiving
- Evaluating
- Reacting
- Reflecting
True or False: The Shannon-Weaver model visualizes communication as a two-way process.
False
