Unit 1 Flashcards
What is immunohematology?
The study of immunologic reactions involving all components of blood deals with antigens, antibodies, and antigen-antibody reactions.
What was the first human blood transfusion and who performed it?
First human blood transfusion performed by Pope Innocent VII in 1492.
Who discovered the circulation of blood?
William Harvey in 1628.
What significant event occurred in 1818 regarding blood transfusion?
James Blundell performed the first successful transfusion of human blood for postpartum hemorrhage.
Which blood group system was discovered in 1939/40?
The Rh blood group system.
What is the role of the H-gene in blood group genetics?
The H-gene is involved in the expression of ABO genes.
Define secretors in the context of blood group genetics.
Individuals who have the Se gene and can secrete glycoproteins carrying A and H antigens.
What are the characteristics of non-secretors?
Individuals who are homozygous for the sese genotype and do not secrete blood group antigens.
What is the genotype characteristic of secretors?
SeSe or Sese.
Fill in the blank: The _______ antigen is a precursor structure for A and B antigens.
H
What is the phenotype of an individual with genotype A/O?
A
True or False: The O allele is functional in producing antigens.
False
What is the purpose of a Punnett Square?
Illustrates the probabilities of phenotypes from known or inferred genotypes.
List the blood groups discovered by Karl Landsteiner.
- A
- B
- C (later changed to O)
What did Joseph Lister contribute to blood transfusion practices?
Introduced the use of antiseptics to control infection during transfusions in 1867.
What is the inheritance pattern of the ABO blood groups?
Autosomal codominant pattern.
What are suppressor genes?
Genes that inhibit the expression of another gene to produce a null expression.
Which chromosome contains the ABO blood group genes?
Chromosome number 9.
What fluid types can A, B, and H substances be detected in secretors?
- Saliva
- Tears
- Urine
- Digestive juices
- Bile
- Milk
- Amniotic fluid
- Pathological fluids
- Ovarian cysts
- Pleura, peritoneal, pericardial fluid
What enzyme does the H gene produce?
α-2- L-fucosyltransferase.
What is the Bombay phenotype?
A phenotype characterized by the hh allele, which lacks H antigen.
What is the significance of the Rh immune globulin introduced in 1967?
Prevents Rh disease in newborns of Rh-negative women.
What is the difference between RBC antigens and soluble antigens?
- RBC antigens can be glycolipids, glycoproteins, or glycosphingolipids.
- Soluble antigens are primarily glycoproteins.
Who established the first blood bank and when?
Serge Yudin in 1932.
What does the term ‘amorphs’ refer to in genetics?
Silent genes that do not produce any obvious traits and are detectable only in homozygous individuals.
