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unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four central management functions abbreviated as POLC?

A

Planning, Organising, Leading, Controlling

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2
Q

What is the purpose of planning in management?

A

Determining which goals and courses of action the organisation and departments should pursue

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3
Q

What does organising involve in the management process?

A

Structuring and arranging work, resources, departments, and the overall organisation

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4
Q

What is the role of leading in management?

A

Influencing employees to ensure motivation aligned with overall goals

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5
Q

What does controlling mean in the context of management?

A

Narrowing the gap between planned and actual achievements

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: The core management process consists of _______.

A

[Planning, Organising, Leading, Controlling]

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7
Q

True or False: The management process does not require interaction with the environment.

A

False

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8
Q

What resources does management act on to achieve goals?

A

Human, Financial, Physical, Informational

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9
Q

What is the significance of performance in management?

A

Achieving goals, products, services, productivity, profit

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10
Q

What are the key variables that management interacts with?

A

The organisation, the environment, resources

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11
Q

What is depicted in Figure 1.1 of the text?

A

The Nature of Management

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12
Q

What are the four functions of management?

A

Planning, Organising, Leading, Controlling

These functions guide managers in effectively overseeing their teams and achieving organizational goals.

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13
Q

What two environments impact an organization?

A

Market environment and macro-environment

The market environment includes suppliers, consumers, and competitors, while the macro-environment encompasses technological, economic, social, political, and international factors.

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14
Q

What is the definition of management according to the literature?

A

The process of planning, organising, leading, and controlling the resources of the organisation

This definition emphasizes the systematic approach to achieving organizational goals.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: Management is the process of getting things done through the efforts of _______.

A

other people

This highlights the collaborative nature of management in achieving objectives.

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16
Q

What do Management Schools of Thought provide?

A

Frameworks that provide fundamental principles for effective management decisions

These theories guide managers and students in understanding management practices.

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17
Q

True or False: The organization’s environment includes only internal factors.

A

False

The organization’s environment includes both external and internal factors that affect management.

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18
Q

According to Jones & George (2022), what is included in the process of management?

A

Planning, organising, leading, controlling work of organizational members

This definition underscores the importance of utilizing all available resources.

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19
Q

What are the components of the macro-environment affecting organizations?

A

Technological, Economic, Social, Political, International

These components play a crucial role in shaping management practices and organizational strategies.

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20
Q
A
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21
Q

What are the essential components included in a definition of management?

A

Involves a process in which work is achieved through the efforts of other employees, management functions of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling are executed, organizational resources are utilized to achieve the organization’s goals efficiently and effectively.

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22
Q

What are the four basic resources of a municipality that its management can utilize?

A
  1. Funding from government allocation
  2. Rates
  3. Taxes
  4. Employees
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23
Q

What are the three levels of management within an organization?

A
  1. Top Management
  2. Middle Management
  3. Lower / First-Line / Supervisory Management
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24
Q

True or False: The three levels of management are distinguished according to level of responsibility, main functions, time orientation, and positions held.

25
Fill in the blank: The management functions of ________, organizing, leading, and controlling are executed.
[planning]
26
What is the primary focus of management in terms of organizational resources?
To provide for the effective and efficient achievement of the organization's goals.
27
What role does the municipality's management play in service delivery?
They maintain offices and other assets while providing service delivery based on statistics and other information specific to the area under management.
28
What is the relationship between management and employee efforts in an organization?
Management achieves work through the efforts of other employees.
29
What is the main function of top management?
Overall responsibility for the organisation and long-term strategic management ## Footnote Includes positions such as Board of Directors, Managing Director, CEO, and Management Committees.
30
What are the responsibilities of middle management?
Implementation of policies, plans, and strategies for specific departments ## Footnote Examples include Departmental heads like Marketing Manager and HR Manager.
31
What is the primary function of lower management?
Application of rules and procedures to achieve high levels of productivity ## Footnote Includes section/subsection heads like Product Manager and Sales Manager.
32
What percentage of time do top managers spend on planning?
28% ## Footnote This reflects the strategic nature of their role.
33
What percentage of time do middle managers allocate to organising?
36% ## Footnote This indicates their role in coordinating resources and activities.
34
What is the time orientation of lower management?
Short Term ## Footnote Focuses on immediate operational tasks.
35
Fill in the blank: Top management is responsible for _______.
[overall responsibility for the organisation]
36
True or False: Middle management primarily focuses on short-term goals.
False ## Footnote Middle management is responsible for medium-term goals.
37
What percentage of time do top managers spend on leading?
51% ## Footnote This highlights the importance of leadership in their role.
38
What percentage of time do lower managers spend on controlling?
10% ## Footnote Indicates a lesser focus on controlling compared to other functions.
39
List the three levels of management.
* Top Management * Middle Management * Lower Management
40
What is the role of managers at all levels according to evidence?
Managers at all levels spend time on all management functions ## Footnote However, the amount of time spent on each function differs by level.
41
What percentage of time do middle managers spend on planning?
18% ## Footnote This is part of their overall responsibility for implementing strategies.
42
What percentage of time do top managers spend on leading?
22% ## Footnote This is in comparison to middle managers (36%) and first line managers (51%) who spend more time leading.
43
What percentage of time do first line managers spend leading?
51% ## Footnote This is higher than the percentage spent by middle managers (36%) and top managers (22%).
44
Which managerial level spends the most time on organizing?
Top managers ## Footnote They spend a substantial amount of time on organizing compared to other levels.
45
What are the three levels of management discussed?
Top managers, Middle managers, Lower managers ## Footnote Each level has different responsibilities and time allocations for activities.
46
What is the critical relationship between management and the organization?
Management supports the establishment of goals, implementation of actions, and utilization of resources ## Footnote This enables the achievement of the organization's purpose.
47
What are the areas of management discussed in the text?
Role distribution of managers, Managerial skills required at various levels ## Footnote These areas highlight the relationship between management and the organization.
48
Fill in the blank: The Chief _______ Officer is depicted in the organizational structure.
Financial ## Footnote This role is part of the executive management team.
49
True or False: Middle managers spend the least amount of time on leading compared to first line and top managers.
True ## Footnote Middle managers spend 36% of their time leading, which is less than first line managers (51%) and more than top managers (22%).
50
What role does management play in achieving the organization's purpose?
Supports the establishment of goals, implementation of actions, and utilization of resources ## Footnote This is fundamental for organizational success.
51
What are the six functional areas of management?
* Marketing Management * Financial Management * Operations Management * Purchasing Management * Human Resource Management * Public Relations Management ## Footnote These areas are critical for the effective management of a business.
52
What is the seventh area of management identified in the text?
General Management ## Footnote General Management involves executing the four generic management functions.
53
What are the four generic management functions in General Management?
* Planning * Organising * Leading * Controlling ## Footnote These functions are also known as POLC.
54
At what levels of management is General Management performed?
At all levels of management. ## Footnote General Management is integral across all functional areas.
55
Who argued that the traditional POLC approach oversimplifies the complexity of a manager's job?
Mintzberg (1990) ## Footnote Mintzberg emphasized the need for a more practical approach to understanding managerial competence.
56
What characterizes the complexity of a manager's job according to Mintzberg?
* Brevity * Fragmentation * Overburden of tasks ## Footnote Mintzberg describes the manager's role as 'enormously complicated and difficult'.
57
Fill in the blank: The acronym POLC stands for _______.
[Planning, Organising, Leading, Controlling] ## Footnote This acronym summarizes the key functions of management.
58
True or False: General Management is only performed within the six functional areas of management.
False ## Footnote General Management is performed at all levels of management, not just within specific functional areas.
59
What is a key critique of the traditional approach to management functions?
It provides an inadequate explanation of what managers do. ## Footnote Mintzberg argues for a more nuanced understanding of managerial roles.

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