Unit 1 Flashcards
What is respiration?
A series of chemical reactions that happens inside every living cell.
What type of respiration usually occurs in our cells?
Aerobic respiration.
What does aerobic respiration use?
Oxygen.
What is produced as a waste product of aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide.
What do you take into your lungs when you breathe?
Air.
What happens to the oxygen from the air after breathing?
It goes into your blood.
How does blood deliver oxygen to the body?
It delivers oxygen to every cell in your body.
What does blood collect from the cells?
Waste carbon dioxide.
Where does blood take the waste carbon dioxide?
Back to your lungs.
What makes up the respiratory system?
Organs that help take oxygen out of the air and get rid of carbon dioxide.
Fill in the blank: The entrance to the nose is part of the _______.
Respiratory system.
What is the function of the windpipe (trachea)?
To allow air to move to and from the lungs.
What are the small tubes that air moves through in the lungs called?
Bronchi and bronchioles.
What are the air sacs in the lungs called?
Alveoli.
What role do the intercostal muscles play in respiration?
They assist with the expansion and contraction of the rib cage.
What is the primary muscle involved in breathing?
Diaphragm.
True or False: The respiratory system helps to transport nutrients throughout the body.
False.
What is the plural form of bronchus?
Bronchi.
What are air sacs in the lungs also known as?
Alveoli
Air sacs are crucial for gas exchange.
What is the structure of an air sac made of?
One layer of very thin cells
This structure facilitates efficient gas exchange.
What tiny blood vessels are found in the lungs?
Capillaries
Capillaries are essential for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide.
How are capillaries structured in relation to the air sacs?
Pressed tightly against the alveolus
This close proximity enhances diffusion.
What process allows oxygen to move from the air sac to the blood?
Diffusion
Diffusion is driven by concentration gradients.
What is the primary function of the alveoli?
Gas exchange
Alveoli allow for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs.
Fill in the blank: The walls of both the air sac and blood capillary are made of _______.
a single layer of very thin cells
This similarity aids in the efficiency of gas exchange.
True or False: The lungs are mostly solid tissue.
False
The lungs contain many holes known as air sacs.
What are the components involved in the diffusion of gases in the lungs?
- Oxygen
- Carbon dioxide
These gases diffuse across the thin walls of the alveoli and capillaries.
What happens to the intercostal muscles when you breathe in?
They contract (get shorter) and pull the ribs upwards and outwards.
What is the role of the diaphragm during inhalation?
The diaphragm contracts and pulls downwards.
What change occurs in the chest cavity during inhalation?
The volume inside the chest cavity increases.
What effect does increased volume have on pressure inside the chest cavity?
The pressure decreases.
How does air move during inhalation?
Air moves down through the trachea into the lungs.
What happens to the intercostal muscles when you breathe out?
They relax (return to normal size) allowing the ribs to drop down.
What occurs to the diaphragm during exhalation?
The diaphragm relaxes and becomes its normal, domed shape.
What change occurs in the chest cavity during exhalation?
The volume inside the chest cavity decreases.
What effect does decreased volume have on pressure inside the chest cavity?
The pressure increases.
How does air move during exhalation?
Air is squeezed out of the lungs.
Fill in the blank: The pressure of a gas increases when the volume of its _______ is decreased.
container
True or False: Breathing in causes the chest cavity volume to decrease.
False
What is the function of the intercostal muscles?
They assist in breathing by contracting and relaxing to change the volume of the chest cavity.
Explain the relationship between volume and pressure in the respiratory system.
When volume increases, pressure decreases, and when volume decreases, pressure increases.
What is the primary source of energy for our bodies?
Food, especially carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are particularly effective for energy provision.
What kind of sugar is produced when carbohydrates are broken down?
Glucose
Glucose is essential for energy transfer in the body.
How does glucose reach the cells in the body?
Through the blood
Blood delivers glucose to every cell, allowing for energy use.
What are mitochondria?
Tiny structures inside cells that release energy from glucose
Mitochondria are crucial for energy production in cells.
What chemical reaction do mitochondria carry out to release energy?
Aerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen to release energy from glucose.
Write the word equation for aerobic respiration.
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
This equation summarizes the process of energy release in cells.
What does ‘aerobic’ mean in the context of respiration?
It uses oxygen
Aerobic respiration is dependent on the presence of oxygen.
What happens to the energy released from glucose during aerobic respiration?
It is released in a controlled way, just enough for the cell’s needs
This controlled release prevents energy wastage.
Fill in the blank: Energy is released from glucose inside _______.
mitochondria
Mitochondria are the site of energy release from glucose.
True or False: All cells have many mitochondria.
True
Most cells contain multiple mitochondria to meet energy demands.
What is one reason our bodies need energy?
To move around
Energy is essential for physical activity and various bodily functions.
What role does glucose play in our cells?
It acts as an energy store
Cells utilize glucose to generate the energy they require.
What is one way our bodies use energy when it is cold?
To keep warm
Energy expenditure increases to maintain body temperature.
What are the reactants in the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose and oxygen
Glucose is a simple sugar that serves as a primary energy source, while oxygen is essential for the aerobic process.
What are the products of aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water, and energy
The energy produced is typically in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
Why does the air you breathe out contain more carbon dioxide than the air you breathe in?
Because during respiration, glucose is broken down with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, which is then exhaled.
What happens to energy during respiration?
Some energy is transformed into heat energy.
How does respiration affect the temperature of cells?
Respiring cells get a little bit warmer than their surroundings.
Fill in the blank: The chemical energy stored in glucose is transferred to other substances during respiration, resulting in the production of _______.
heat energy
True or False: All energy transferred during respiration is used for cellular processes.
False
What is the result of energy transfer during respiration?
Heat energy is produced.
What are the reactants in the word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose and oxygen
Glucose is a simple sugar that serves as a primary energy source, while oxygen is essential for the aerobic process.
What are the products of aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water, and energy
The energy produced is typically in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).
Why does the air you breathe out contain more carbon dioxide than the air you breathe in?
Because during respiration, glucose is broken down with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, which is then exhaled.
What happens to energy during respiration?
Some energy is transformed into heat energy.
How does respiration affect the temperature of cells?
Respiring cells get a little bit warmer than their surroundings.
Fill in the blank: The chemical energy stored in glucose is transferred to other substances during respiration, resulting in the production of _______.
heat energy
True or False: All energy transferred during respiration is used for cellular processes.
False
What is the result of energy transfer during respiration?
Heat energy is produced.
What is respiration in cells?
A chemical reaction that delivers energy to cells
Where does aerobic respiration occur?
Inside the mitochondria in the cells
What are the reactants of aerobic respiration?
Glucose and oxygen
What are the products of aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide and water
How is glucose and oxygen delivered to cells?
By the blood
What is the role of the heart in the circulatory system?
To pump blood constantly
What is blood plasma?
The liquid part of the blood, pale yellow in color
What gives blood its red color?
Red blood cells
How many red blood cells are there in an adult human body?
At least 20 trillion
Approximately how many red blood cells are in every 1 cm of blood?
About five million
What are white blood cells?
Cells in the blood that help fight infections
True or False: Red blood cells have nuclei.
False
Fill in the blank: The blood moves around the body inside _______.
blood vessels
What happens to carbon dioxide and water produced by cells?
They must be taken away by the blood
What is the approximate size comparison of white blood cells to red blood cells?
Some white blood cells are larger than red blood cells
What is the primary function of red blood cells?
To transport oxygen
What is the significance of the dark purple areas in white blood cells?
They are the nuclei of the cells
Fill in the blank: Blood looks red because it contains a lot of _______.
red blood cells
