UNIT 1 Flashcards
Concepts of information. Types of information. Elements of communication. Sources of information.
Elaborate a definition.
What is information?
Concepts of information. Information & You
Knowledge communicated concerning some particular fact, subject or event; that of which one is apprised (informed) or told.
Information is the knowledge communicated about anything at all.
Mention each of the following.
What are the elements of communication?
Concepts of information. Information & You
- Transmitter
- Receiver
- Message
- Channel
- Code
- Context
Describe the following.
What is communication?
Concepts of information. Information & You
Is a two-way process of creating and exchanging meaning, ideas and interactions between individuals.
Involves participants reaching a mutual understanding and exchanging signals, beyond merely encoding and decoding information.
Information is everywhere, it could be knowledge, facts, news, events.
Describe the following:
Transmitter
As a part of the communication process.
Concepts of information. Information & You
Is the starting point of the communication process. The individual that conveys the message, with the purpose of getting the receiver to understand something.
Describe the following.
Message
As a part of the communication process.
Concepts of information. Information & You
It’s the content, idea or meaning conveyed.
- The second element of the communication process.
- Congruence must be achieved, and different codes and elements are used to do so.
Describe the following.
Code
As a part of the communication process.
Concepts of information. Information & You
The set of rules and symbols used to convey, represent and transmit information, such as words, phrases or symbols.
* Third element of the communication process.
Describe the following.
Channel
As a part of the communication process.
Concepts of information. Information & You
It’s the medium through which the message is transmitted.
The sender should consider the most appropriate channel depending on how critical is the message.
* Fourth element of the communication process.
Describe the following.
Context
As a part of the communication process.
Concepts of information. Information & You
It’s about considering the setting in which the message is given. It has an impact on how successful is the information exchange.
- It’s the fifth element of the communication process.
Describe the following.
Receiver
As a part of the communication process.
Concepts of information. Information & You
The recipient of the message, who translates the message into thoughts and determines how to respond back to the sender.
* Sixth and last element of the communication process.
Mention each of the following.
What are the types of information?
Types of information. Information as Ice Cream
- Factual
- Analytic
- Objective
- Subjective
These are the types of information we looked up during the unit.
Describe the following.
Factual
Types of information. Information as Ice Cream
Factual information uses subjects that are known, provable and accurate.
Definition taken from class presentations.
Describe the following.
Analytic
Types of information. Information as Ice Cream
Analytical information refers to all interpretations of factual data and logical reasoning to reach a specific conclusion
Definition taken from class presentations.
Keywords: Reference (of factual data), Interpretation, Reasoning, Reaching a specific conclusion.
Describe the following.
Subjective
Types of information. Information as Ice Cream
It’s information that is influenced to some degree by personal opinions, biases and feelings.
Definition taken from class presentations.
Keywords: Influence, Personal bias, Feelings, Opinions.
Describe the following.
Objective
Types of information. Information as Ice Cream
It’s information that is not influenced by personal opinions, biases or feelings.
Definition taken from class presentations.
Explain:
How can we differentiate between types of information when looking at statements?
Types of information. Information as Ice Cream
Statements usually include keywords which we can look for and help us identify the type of information we are looking at.
This is a conclusion made from what I learned.
Explain:
What’s the difference between factual and objective information?
Types of information. Information as Ice Cream
Facts can be proven true or false based on verifiable evidence and empirical data.
Objective truths are independent of personal feelings, interpretations or opinions. But they can encompass facts, more like interpretations that are universally accepted as truth.
Extra information.
- Facts: Proven with evidence, verifiable, and rely on empirical data.
- Objective information: Interpretations or facts universally accepted as truth.
Mention all of the following.
What are the types of sources of information?
Classifications of sources of information.
Sources of information The Broken Phone
- Primary Sources
- Secondary Sources
- Tertiary Sources
These classifications are based on the originality of the material and the proximity of the source or origin.
Explain the following:
Primary Source
Sources of information The Broken Phone
It’s the original source.
Records of events or evidence as they are first described or actually happened without any interpretation or commentary.
Display original thinking, reports on new discoveries, fresh information.
Examples: Theses, some government reports, original artwork, photographs, speeches, letters, personal narratives, interviews, correspondence, autobiographies.
Explain the following:
Secondary Source
Sources of information The Broken Phone
They offer an analysis or restatement of the primary source. They often try to describe or explain them.
Tend to summarize, interpret, reorganize or provide an added value to the primary source.
Keywords: Interpretation, summary, analysis, commentary, reorganization.
Examples: Textbooks, edited works, books and articles that interpret or review research works.
* Histories, biographies, literary criticism and interpretation.
* Reviews of law and legislation, political analyses and commentaries.
Explain the following:
Tertiary Source
Sources of information The Broken Phone
They index, abstract, organize, compile or digest other sources.
Chief purpose may be to list, summarize or repackage ideas or other information.
They are usually not credited to a particular author.
Examples: Dictionaries/encylopedias (although they may also be secondary).
Almanacs, fact books, directories, guidebooks, manuals, textbooks (may be secondary), abstracting sources.
Extra information
How can we access sources of information?
The three main places to look for sources when researching.
Sources of information The Broken Phone
- Search engines.
- News outlets.
- Divulgation articles.
- Reliable AIs.
- Research databases.
- Libraries.
- Online resources.
Class reflection.
Extra information
Why is it important to access information?
Class reflection.
Sources of information The Broken Phone
Staying updated and informed of events unfolding around you allows you to stay prepared ahead, avoid ignorance and act accordingly to information.
- Helps on good decision making.
- Avoids ignorance.
- It could literally save your life.
Example: Being informed on medical discoveries such as treatments, new illnesses, statistics, prevention measures, could literally save your life and take care of your health.
Mention elements to look for:
How can you evaluate information?
Extra information
Sources of information The Broken Phone
- Currency: When was it published.
- Relevance: Does it actually relate to the topic?
- Authority: Who published it? Who are they?
- Accurracy: Is it true? How verifiable is it?
- Purpose: Why does this information exist?
The Digital World has made information readily available, as well as spread misinformation.
