Unit 1 Flashcards
Define Community
A community is a group of people who are located in a particular space, have shared values, and interact within a social system.
What are the four components of community
People
A location in space
Social interaction
Shared values
Define Community nutrition
a discipline that strives to prevent disease and to improve the health, nutrition, and well-being of individuals and groups within communities
What are the three focal areas of community nutrition
People, policy, programs
Define Public health
an effort organized by society to protect, promote, and restore the people’s health through the application of science, practical skills, and collective actions.
The scope of public health includes
Infectious diseases
Chronic diseases
Define health promotion
the process of enabling people to achieve their maximum potential for good health.
What is the focus of health promotion?
Changing human behavior
Define intervention
a health promotion activity aimed at changing the behavior of a target audience in order to prevent disease.
Aimed at preventing disease by controlling risk factors that are related to injury or disease is what type of prevention effort
Primary
Focuses on detecting disease early through screening and other forms of risk appraisal is what type of prevention effort?
Secondary
Aims to treat and rehabilitate people who have experienced illness or injury is what type of prevention effort.
Tertiary
What is the concept of the Social Ecological Model of health behavior?
Focuses on the nature of people’s interactions with their surrounding physical and sociocultural environments.
What are the five levels of influence represented on the SEM?
Individual
Interpersonal
Institutions/organizations
Community
Structures policies and systems.
What are the social determinants of health
Health care access and quality
Education Access and quality
Neighborhood and built environment
Economic stability
social and community context
When do health disparities occur?
when a segment of the population bears a disproportionate incidence of a health condition or illness
The basic science of public health is known as
Epidemiology
What is the current definition of epidemiology
Study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in specified populations and the application of this study to the control of health problems
Distribution refers to
the relationship between the health problem or disease and the population in which it exists.
Determinants refers to
the causes and factors that affect the risk of disease
Infectious diseases have a _________ cause
Single
Chronic/social diseases have ________ cause
Multiple
Risk refers to
the likelihood that people who are without a disease, but are exposed to certain risk factors, will acquire the disease at some point in their lives.
Risk factors can be….
Biological, Physical, Social, Behavioral
What are the two steps of interpreting epidemiological data
Evaluate criterion for causal association carefully
Assess causal association critically for bias and chance.
