Unit 1 Flashcards

(18 cards)

1
Q

What are the purposes of surgery?

A
  • Diagnosis
  • Cure
  • Palliation
  • Prevention
  • Cosmetic improvement
  • Exploration

These are the six primary reasons for performing surgical procedures.

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2
Q

What are the three phases of surgical procedures described as perioperative?

A
  • Preoperative phase
  • Intraoperative phase
  • Postoperative phase

These phases encompass the entire process surrounding surgical interventions.

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3
Q

Who are the members of the interdisciplinary team in surgery?

A
  • Surgeon
  • Anesthesia personnel (Anesthesiologist, CRNA)
  • Circulating nurse
  • Preoperative, postoperative nurses
  • Radiology personnel
  • Respiratory therapist
  • Surgical technician, Scrub nurse
  • Interpreter

Each team member plays a crucial role in ensuring the success and safety of the surgical procedure.

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4
Q

What must be completed by a provider before a surgical procedure?

A

A complete History and Physical (H&P) must be completed by a provider before procedure.

This assessment is critical for identifying any potential risks associated with surgery.

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5
Q

What medications may need to be stopped before surgery?

A
  • Blood thinners
  • NSAIDs
  • Eliquis

These medications can increase the risk of bleeding during surgery.

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6
Q

What allergy is of significant concern in surgery?

A

Latex allergy

Latex allergies can lead to severe reactions in patients during surgical procedures.

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7
Q

What is the role of the surgeon in informed consent?

A
  • Explain alternate treatment options
  • Explain risks versus benefits of procedure
  • Ensure patient has an understanding of the procedure

The surgeon is responsible for providing detailed information that helps the patient make an informed decision.

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8
Q

Who can witness the signing of informed consent?

A

Either the surgeon or a nurse can witness the signature on the consent form.

It is essential for ensuring the validity of the consent process.

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9
Q

What is an important aspect of preoperative physical assessment?

A
  • Obtain baseline vital signs
  • Pain assessment
  • Assess cardiovascular, respiratory, kidney, neurologic, musculoskeletal, nutrition, skin, psychosocial

This assessment helps identify any issues that could complicate the surgery.

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10
Q

What should be monitored in patients who are NPO (nothing by mouth)?

A

Fluid and electrolyte status should be monitored in patients who are NPO.

This is important to prevent dehydration and other complications.

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11
Q

What factors can increase risks during surgery in geriatric patients?

A
  • Increased risks with anesthesia
  • Sensory deficits
  • Decreased cognitive function

Geriatric patients may require additional considerations due to these factors.

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12
Q

What is the significance of informed consent in surgery?

A

Informed consent ensures that the patient is fully aware of the risks, benefits, and alternatives to the proposed surgical procedure.

It is a legal and ethical requirement before any surgical intervention.

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13
Q

What is a common preoperative instruction for patients?

A

Techniques of deep breathing and coughing.

These techniques help to prevent respiratory complications post-surgery.

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14
Q

What are the effects of obesity on surgical patients?

A
  • Stresses cardiac and pulmonary systems
  • Increased risk of wound dehiscence
  • Slower recovery from anesthesia
  • Slower wound healing

Obesity can complicate the surgical process and recovery.

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15
Q

What is an example of a preoperative medication that must be administered within 30 minutes of incision?

A

Cefazolin

This antibiotic is often prescribed to reduce the risk of surgical site infections.

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16
Q

What is the role of the nurse in the informed consent process?

A

Ensure form is signed and ensure all questions have been answered.

Nurses play a crucial role in facilitating communication between the patient and the surgeon.

17
Q

Fill in the blank: A preoperative patient with a recent diagnosis of prostate cancer must be informed that __________ is a potential risk of the surgery.

A

[Surgical risks, including infection and bleeding].

Patients should be made aware of all possible complications associated with their specific procedure.

18
Q

True or False: Patients should withhold all oral fluids or food after midnight on the day of surgery.

A

True

This is a standard instruction to reduce the risk of aspiration during surgery.