Unit 1 Flashcards
AMU
Atomic Mass Units (u)
the measurement of mass for elements
1 = ABOUT a proton/neutron - don’t count on this
molar mass
the mass of an element - measured by g/mol
Groups on a Periodic Table
the columns
Periods
the horizontal rows
Group 1A/1
Alkali Metals
Groupe 2A/2
Alkaline Earth Metals
Group b/3-12
Transition Metals
Group 7A/17
Halogens
Group 8A/18
Noble Gases
How do you determine the element?
The number of protons
Isotopes
a different number of neutrons
mass spectometry
a graph which has the mass and abundance of a certain element
Average Molar Mass Calculation
{(amu x % composition) …+…+(amu x %composition)}
Mole
6.022 x 10^23
Combined Gas Law
PV = nRT
What does R stand for in the Gas Law?
0.0821 L atm / mol K
What is the Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)
P = 1 atm
T = 273 K
(Moles = Volume / 22.4 L/mol)
Molarity (M)
the measurement of calculation
(moles)/(volume)
What is THAT Molarity equation
M1V1 = M2V2
Empirical Formula
the Ratio
Molecular Formula
the actual composition of an element
What are electrons energy like?
they are QUANTIZED.
the farther they are from the nucleus, the higher their potential energy
Electromagnetic Radiation
energy in the form of waves
When an electron goes from a high energy level to a low energy level, it….
emits energy
When an electron goes from a low energy level to a high energy level, it…
absorbs energy
Ionization/Binding Energy
the energy level for an electron to be ejected
Incoming Radiation Energy Equation
(Binding Energy) + (Kinetic Energy)
Kinetic Energy = ejects the electron
faster = more Energy
What is the unit used for Ionization Energy?
eV
eV = ?
- 60 x 10^-19 Joules
Photoelectron Spectra (PES)
the chart for binding energy and number of electrons
n is equal to what?
energy level
l is equal to what?
shape (n-1)
Electron Configuration
the equation that tells you electron configuration
What is the shorthand for electron configuration?
[Nobel Gas] + configuration
Aufbau Principle
the electron is placed in increasing Energy subshells
Pauli Excursion Principle
the electrons spin in OPPOSITE directions
Hund’s Rule
electrons pair up only after they have filled up all their other subshells
What is stability based on in an electron?
if the last orbital is filled
What is a valence electron?
the electrons in the last energy level (!)
Electronegativity
electron attraction of an element
what is electronegativity have depended on and what is the trend?
- smaller radius = higher electronegativity
down, decrease - shell completion
left to right increase
Electron Affinity
change in energy that occurs when an electron is added to a neutral atom
generally exothermic reaction
Effective Nuclear Charge (Zeff)
the positive attraction that the electron feels
Electron Shielding
an inner electron blocks the electron on the outer layer - blocking attraction
lowering Zeff
mass number
(number of protons) + (number of neutrons)
What is the equation of Zeff for an electron
Zeff = Z - S
Z = atomic number
S = sheilding effect
Binding Energy Equation
BE = hv - KE
