Unit 1 (1754 - 1783) Independence Flashcards
1492
Following Columbus’ discovery of the New World in 1492, major empires rushed to claim territories
What areas did Spain conquer?
Spanish Conquistadors conquered large portions of Central America.
What areas did France conquer?
The French conquered portions of North America West of the Appalachian Mountains and in modern day Canada.
What areas did England conquer?
The British established the 13 colonies along the Atlantic Coast as well as portions of modern day Canada.
What was a result of nations racing to conquer territory in the New World?
This led to European colonies being in close proximity to on another.
1750’s
By the 1750’s, conflicts among European powers created a tradition of conflict with one another in the New World colonies.
The Seven Years’ War (1756 - 1763)
The Seven Years’ War is the name of the conflict that shifted the balance of power in North America in favor of England. This is the las of the four wars for dominance in North America between the English, French, and Iroquois. It is also known as the French and Indian War.
Who was a non European group caught in the middle of European conflict?
The Iroquois Confederacy
What was the principle area of conflict?
Ohio Valley
King William’s War (1689 - 1697)
War between the English and French in northern New England. After the Glorious Revolution in England, the English throne passed to one of Lois XIV principal enemies, William III.
Queen Anne’s War (1701 - 1713)
A border fight between Spaniards in the south vs. French and their Indian allies in the north. The English benefited from this war because they gained Acadia and New Foundland from it.
King George’s War (1744 - 1748)
The English colonist were son drawn into a series of conflicts with the French. The Colonist were upset due to this war because they had captured the French Bastion at Louisbourg, but the peace treaty made them abandon it.
What is the connection between conflict in the Old World and conflicts in the New World?
They are all wars fought over land and power. Conflicts arise when European powers feel like the balance of power is tipped in favor of a specific nation.
Who was England’s main rival in the New World?
France
What was the result of the first 3 wars in the New World?
Resulted in an unbalance of power because England kept gaining land. Resentment towards the British by those they took over. The stalemate caused increased tensions between England and France.
Why was the fourth war in the New World different than the rest?
They saw the value of the fourth war and began to commit more resources and troops to the conflict.
What do Louisbourg (1758), Quebec (1759), and Montereal have in common?
In these battles British managed to achieve victory although at first the war had gone badly for them.
Treaty of Paris (1763)
Marked the end of the French and Indian war. British had won unchallenged supremacy in North America and established themselves as the World’s most dominant naval power.
Effects of the Seven Years’ War in Britain
1) Unchallenged supremacy (most dominant naval power)
2) Colonies no longer faced with threat of attacks from French, Spanish and their Native American allies
3) Britain actively guarded their colonies
4) All four wars had been extremely costly
5) To cover the cost of war King George and Parliament wanted the colonist to pay through taxes
Why did the goals of the French and English conflict?
France wanted to expand south and British wanted to expand west so they would eventually intersect in the Ohio River Valley.
Who helped the British?
The Iroquois Confederacy
What battle led to the end of the French and Indian War?
Battle of Quebec
What changes were made to the colonial policies after the French and Indian War?
Previously, they had little direct control over the colonies. This policy and use of navigation laws to control the colonies was known as salutary neglect. After the war this policy was abandoned and more direct control was taken.
What was the first test of Britain’s new colonial policy?
Pontiac’s Rebellion in 1763
