Unit 1

Question 1

What is one of the most important substances on Earth?

Answer 1

Water

Question 2

What is a key property of water that makes it a common solvent?

Answer 2

Can dissolve many different substances

Question 3

What type of molecule is water due to its unequal charge distribution?

Answer 3

Polar molecule

Question 4

What is a solute?

Answer 4

Substance being dissolved in a solution.

Question 5

What is a solvent?

Answer 5

Liquid water that dissolves the solute.

Question 6

What is an electrolyte?

Answer 6

Substance that can conduct electricity when dissolved in water.

Question 7

Define strong electrolytes.

Answer 7

Electrolytes that are completely ionized in water and conduct current very efficiently.

Question 8

What characterizes weak electrolytes?

Answer 8

They conduct only a small current due to a small degree of ionization in water.

Question 9

What are nonelectrolytes?

Answer 9

Substances that dissolve in water but do not produce any ions, resulting in no electrical conductivity.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: A substance that comes apart to form ions is said to _______.

Answer 10

ionize

Question 11

True or False: Strong electrolytes produce no ions in solution.

Answer 11

False

Question 12

What happens to insoluble substances in water?

Answer 12

They require too much energy to break apart.

Question 13

What happens to a light bulb when a strong electrolyte is dissolved in water?

Answer 13

The bulb shines brightly.

Question 14

What happens to a light bulb when a weak electrolyte is dissolved in water?

Answer 14

The bulb glows dimly.

Question 15

What happens to a light bulb when a nonelectrolyte is dissolved in water?

Answer 15

The bulb remains unlit.

Question 16

What is essential to know about chemical reactions of solutions?

Answer 16

The nature of the reaction, the amounts of chemicals present in the solutions, concentration, and molarity.

Question 17

Define molarity.

Answer 17

Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution.

Question 18

Fill in the blank: Molarity is calculated by dividing _______ by liters of solution.

Answer 18

moles of solute

Question 19

True or False: Concentration is not important in the context of chemical reactions of solutions.

Answer 19

False

Question 20

What does molarity measure in a solution?

Answer 20

The concentration of solute in moles per liter.

Question 21

List the key factors we must know for chemical reactions of solutions.

Answer 21

• The nature of the reaction
• The amounts of chemicals present in the solutions
• Concentration
• Molarity

Question 22

What is the dissociation equation for the compound CaCl2 in solution?

Answer 22

CaCl2 → Ca2+ + 2Cl-

This equation shows how calcium chloride dissociates into calcium ions and chloride ions in solution.

Question 23

What is the concentration of Ca2+ ions in a 0.25 M CaCl2 solution?

Answer 23

0.25 M

The concentration of Ca2+ ions is equal to the concentration of the CaCl2 solution since each formula unit produces one Ca2+ ion.

Question 24

What is the concentration of Cl- ions in a 0.25 M CaCl2 solution?

Answer 24

0.50 M

Each formula unit of CaCl2 produces two Cl- ions, resulting in a concentration that is double that of CaCl2.

Question 25

What is the definition of dilution?

Answer 25

The process of adding water to a concentrated solution to achieve the desired molarity ## Footnote Dilution is commonly used in laboratories to prepare solutions of lower concentrations.

Question 26

Does dilution with water alter the number of moles of solute present?

Answer 26

No ## Footnote The number of moles remains constant before and after dilution.

Question 27

What is the relationship between moles of solute before and after dilution?

Answer 27

Moles of solute before dilution = moles of solute after dilution ## Footnote This principle is fundamental to the concept of dilution in chemistry.

Question 28

What is the dilution equation?

Answer 28

M1V1 = M2V2 ## Footnote M1 and V1 refer to the molarity and volume of the concentrated solution, while M2 and V2 refer to the molarity and volume of the diluted solution.

Question 29

Fill in the blank: The concentration of Ca2+ ions in a 0.25 M CaCl2 solution is _______.

Answer 29

0.25 M ## Footnote This reflects the stoichiometry of the dissociation of CaCl2.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: The concentration of Cl- ions in a 0.25 M CaCl2 solution is _______.

Answer 30

0.50 M ## Footnote This is because each mole of CaCl2 yields two moles of Cl- ions.

Question 31

What is a Precipitation Reaction?

Answer 31

A double displacement reaction in which a solid forms and separates from the solution. ## Footnote This occurs when ionic compounds dissolve in water, leading to the formation of precipitate.

Question 32

What is the solid that forms in a Precipitation Reaction called?

Answer 32

Precipitate ## Footnote The precipitate is the solid that separates from the solution during the reaction.

Question 33

What are the three main types of chemical reactions?

Answer 33

* Precipitation Reactions * Acid-Base Reactions * Oxidation-Reduction Reactions ## Footnote These types categorize chemical reactions based on the processes that occur during them.

Question 34

What is a precipitate?

Answer 34

A solid that forms from a solution.

Question 35

What does soluble mean?

Answer 35

Dissolves in solution; indicated by (aq) in reaction equations.

Question 36

What does insoluble mean?

Answer 36

Does not dissolve in solution; indicated by (s) in reaction equations.

Question 37

True or False: Insoluble and slightly soluble are often used interchangeably.

Answer 37

True.

Question 38

Fill in the blank: Soluble substances are typically associated with _______ in reaction equations.

Answer 38

(aq)

Question 39

Fill in the blank: Insoluble substances are typically associated with _______ in reaction equations.

Answer 39

(s)

Question 40

What are the solubility rules for alkali metals?

Answer 40

Alkali metals are soluble.

Question 41

What is the difference between soluble and insoluble substances?

Answer 41

Soluble substances dissolve in solution, while insoluble substances do not.

Question 42

What is a Formula Equation?

Answer 42

A representation of a chemical reaction showing reactants and products as compounds

Question 43

What is a Molecular Equation?

Answer 43

An equation that shows the complete formulas of the reactants and products

Question 44

What do solubility rules help determine?

Answer 44

Which compounds are aqueous and which are solids

Question 45

Given the reaction AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → ?, what is the product?

Answer 45

AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

Question 46

What is a Complete Ionic Equation?

Answer 46

An equation where all strong electrolytes are represented as ions

Question 47

In the Complete Ionic Equation for the reaction AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq), what are the reactants in ionic form?

Answer 47

Ag+(aq) + NO3-(aq) + Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)

Question 48

What is the solid product formed in the reaction between AgNO3 and NaCl?

Answer 48

AgCl(s)

Question 49

Fill in the blank: Strong electrolytes in a Complete Ionic Equation are represented as _______.

Answer 49

ions

Question 50

True or False: In a Molecular Equation, reactants are shown as individual ions.

Answer 50

False

Question 51

What is a net ionic equation?

Answer 51

Includes only those solution components that actually react ## Footnote Shows only components undergoing a change.

Question 52

In the net ionic equation As (aq) + CI (aq) → AgC (s), what are spectator ions?

Answer 52

Ions that do not participate directly in the reaction ## Footnote Examples include Na* and NOg.

Question 53

What does the Bronsted-Lowry definition state about acids?

Answer 53

Acid is a proton donor.

Question 54

What does the Bronsted-Lowry definition state about bases?

Answer 54

Base is a proton acceptor.

Question 55

Fill in the blank: In a strong acid and base reaction, the equation is ______ + OH (aq) → H2 (l).

Answer 55

[strong acid]