Unit 1 Flashcards
Superior definition
Above
Inferior definition
Below
Proximal definition
Near to the root or origin
Distal definition
Away fro the root or origin
Medial definition
Towards the midline or axis
(an imaginary line down the centre of the body)
Lateral Defnition
Away from the midlines or axis
Anterior definition
To the front or in front
Posterior definition
To the rear or behind
Long bone definition
The bones found in the limbs
They have a shaft know as the diaphysis and two expanded ends know as the epiphysis.
Short bones definition
Small, light, strong, cube shaped bones consisting of cancellous bon surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone.
Flat bone definition
Thin, flattened and slightly curved, with a large surface area
Irregular bones definition
Have complex shapes that fit none of the categories of the others.
Sesamoid bones definition
Have a specialised function and are usually found within a tendon. These bones provide a smooth surface for the tendon to slide over.
Order of the vertebral column
Cervical Vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
Sacral Vertebrae
Coccygeal vertebrae
Number of vertebrates in Cervical Vertebrae
7
Number of vertebrates in Thoracic vertebrae
12
Number of vertebrates in Lumbar vertebrae
5
Number of vertebrates in Sacral Vertebrae
5
Number of vertebrates in Coccygeal vertebrae
4
What are the two postural defects
Kyphosis
Scoliosis
Kyphosis
The result of this condition is hunchback because it is the excessive outward curve of the thoracic region on the spine. This is often caused by poor posture but can be caused by deformities of the vertebrae.
Function of the skeletal system
Support
Protection
Attachment for skeletal muscle
Source of blood cell production
Store of minerals
Leverage
Weight bearing
Reducing friction across joints
Function of Long bones
Examples of long bones
Movment, Support, Red blood cell production
Femur, Humerus, Tibia, Radius, Ulna
Function of Short bones
Examples of Short bones
Fine or small movements, shock absorption, Stability, Weight bearing
Carpals, Tarsals
Function of Flat bones
Examples of Flat bones
Attachment for muscles, protection
Sternum, scapula, pelvis, cranium
Function of Sesamoid bones
Examples of Sesamoid bones
Protection, reduction of friction across a joint
Patella, Pisiform (wrist)
Function of Irregular bones
Examples of Irregular bones
Protection (Spinal cord), movement
Vertebrae
Ossification
The remodelling of the bone
Osteoclasts
Bring calcium to the vine
Osteoblasts
Break down the old and damaged bones calcium
Epiphyseal line
When you finish growing
Diaphysis
The shaft of the bone of the bone that has got bigger
synovial joints (6)
HINGE JOINT
BALL AND SOCKET
GLIDING JOINT
PIVOT JOINT
SADDLE JOINT
CONDLOID JOINT
The range of movement at a synovial joints
-Flexion
-Extension
-Dorsiflexion
-Plantar flexion
-Lateral flexion
-Horizontal flexion/extension
-Hyper-extension
-Abduction
-Adduction
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Different types of muscles
-Skeletal muscles
-Cardiac muscles
-Smooth muscles
Skeletal muscles (4)
-known as striated or striped
-Voluntary, which means it is under conscious control
-they are vital for sport and exercise as they are connected to the skeletal system via tendons and are primary used for movements.
-They can become fatigued during exercise
Cardiac muscle (7)
- only found in the wall of the heart
-work continuously
-it is involuntary
-it has its own blood supply
-its contraction helps to force blood through your blood vessels to all parts of the body
-each contraction and relaxation of your heart muscles as a whole represents one heart beat
-does not fatigue
Smooth muscle (4)
-involuntary
-function under the control of your nervous system
-it is located in the wall of your digestive system and blood vessels
-helps to regulate digestion and blood pressure
