Unit 1

Question 1

1. Levels of organisation

What are the three levels of organisation?

- group together to form -, that group together to form -, …

Answer 1

Atoms, cells, tissues, organs, systems

Question 2

1. Levels of organisation

What do atoms form?

Not cells

Answer 2

Biomolecules and other substances

Question 3

1. Levels of organisation

Name four organic biomolecules

Answer 3

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

Question 4

1. Levels of organisation

Name two inorganic substances

Answer 4

Water and minerals

Question 5

2.1. Plasma membrane

Define plasma membrane

Answer 5

It’s a thin layer that surrounds the cell and exchanges substances with it’s enviroment

Question 6

2.1. Plasma membrane

What are the functions of the plasma membrane?

Answer 6

To protect the cell, to detect changes in the enviroment and to regulate the exchange of substances

Question 7

2.2. The nucleus

Define nucleus

Answer 7

It’s a spherical structure that contains the genetic material (DNA)

Question 8

2.2. The nucleous

Define chromatin

Answer 8

Network of the DNA fibres and proteins that roll up when the cell divides and become compacted, forming chromosomes

Question 9

2.2. The nucleous

What are chromosomes?

Answer 9

Condensed chromatin that appear when the cell divides

Question 10

2.3. The cytoplasm

Define cytoplasm

Answer 10

The cytoplasm is formed from a thick, aqueus liquid called cytosol. It contains the cell organelles.

Question 11

2.4. The cell organelles

What are the two types of organelles?

Answer 11

Membranous and non-membranous

Question 12

2.4. The cell organelles

What is the function of centrioles?

Answer 12

They direct the movement of the cytoskeleton and the chromosomes during the cell divison

Question 13

2.4. The cell organelles

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 13

To synthesise proteins

Question 14

2.4. The cell organelles

What is the function of cytoskeleton?

Answer 14

To hold up the organelles in place and to give shape to the cell

Question 15

2.4. The cell organelles

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 15

To obtain energy for the cell thrugh cellular respiration

Question 16

2.4. The cell organelles

What is the function of vesicles?

Answer 16

To transport or store substances

Question 17

2.4. The cell organelles

What is the function of endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 17

Protein or lipid synthesis

Question 18

2.4. The cell organelles

What is the function of Golgi apparatus?

Answer 18

To modify the substances that are synthesised in the ER and transport them outside the cell by vesicles

Question 19

2.4. The cell organelles

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 19

To digest the particles captured by tthe cell

Question 20

2.4. The cell organelles

Name all the membranous organelles

Answer 20

Mitochondria, vesicles, ER, golgi apparatus and lysosomes

Question 21

2.4. The cell organelles

Name all the non-membranous organelles

Answer 21

Centrioles, ribosomes and cytoskeleton

Question 22

3. Cell differenciaton

What is cell differenciation?

Answer 22

It’s a combination of changes to the shape and structure of a cell wich allow it to specialise in a specific function.

Question 23

4. Human tissues

What is a tissue?

Answer 23

It’s a group of cells with a similar shape and structure and wich specialise on carriyng out a function.

Question 24

4. Human tissues

What are the four different types of tissues?

Answer 24

Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous

Question 25

# 4. Human tissues What are the two kinds of epithelial tissues?

Answer 25

Covering and lining and glandular

Question 26

# 4. Human tissues What are the two types of covering and lining tissues?

Answer 26

Simple and stratified

Question 27

# 4. Human tissues What are the three types of simple covering and livin tissues?

Answer 27

Squamous, cuboidal and columnar

Question 28

# 4. Human tissues What are the characteristics of epithelial tissues?

Answer 28

To line organs and to act as a protective barrier

Question 29

# 4. Human tissues What are the two types of stratified tissues?

Answer 29

Horizontal and vertical

Question 30

# 4. Human tissues What are the functions of the glandular tissues?

Answer 30

To produce substances and secret them

Question 31

# 4. Human tissues What are the two components of the connective tissues?

Answer 31

Cells and matrix

Question 32

# 4. Human tissues What are the five types of connective tissues?

Answer 32

Recular connective, addipose, cartilagenous, oseus and blood

Question 33

# 4. Human tissues What are the characteristic of reticular connective tissues?

Answer 33

Contain fibres and matrix gel-like.

Question 34

# 4. Human tissues What are the characteristics of addipose tissues?

Answer 34

Low levels of intercellular substance

Question 35

# 4. Human tissues Whata re the characteristics of cartilogenous tissue?

Answer 35

Solid and elactic matrix

Question 36

# 4. Human tissue What are the characteristics of oseus tissue?

Answer 36

Bone cells surounded by a solid matrix in a radiocentric way

Question 37

# 4. Human tissues What are the characteristics of blood tissues?

Answer 37

You can see: White blood cells, red blood cells and platelets surrounded by a liquid matrix called plasma.

Question 38

# 4. Human tissues What are the characteristics of muscle tissues?

Answer 38

They are made up of elongaed cells.

Question 39

# 4. Human tissues What are the three types of muscle tissues?

Answer 39

Skeletal striated, cardiac striated and smooth

Question 40

# 4. Human tissues What are the characteristics of sketeltal striated tissues?

Answer 40

Forms muscles of the locomotor system. There are several nuclei in the cell.

Question 41

# 4. Human tissues What are the characteristics of cardiac striated tissues?

Answer 41

They form the walls of the heart. The cells only have one nucleus and it contracts involuntatily.

Question 42

# 4. Human tissues What are the characteristics of smooth muscle tissues?

Answer 42

They're found in the walls of various organs. It contracts involuntarily. The cells only have one nucleus.

Question 43

# 4. Human tissues What do nervous tissues consist on?

Answer 43

Neurons that specilise in collecting and transmiting information and glial cells that are responsible of neuron nutrition, defence and support.

Question 44

# 5. Organs and systems What are the organs of the human bosy made of?

Answer 44

They're made up of several tissues that work togetehr to perform an specific funcion.

Question 45

# 5.2 Systems What are systems?

Answer 45

Systems are groups of organs that work together to perfonrm a shared activity.

Question 46

# 5.2 Systems What systems perform the nutrition function?

Answer 46

Digestive, excretory, circulatory, lymphatic and respiratory

Question 47

# 5.2 Systems What systems perform the interaction function?

Answer 47

Nervous, eskeletal, muscular and endocrine

Question 48

# 5.2 Systems What systems perform the resproduction function?

Answer 48

Female and male reproductive systems