unit 1

Question 1

Term

Answer 1

Definition

Question 2

Pre-history vs Pre-literate

Answer 2

History - recorded vs unrecorded. Recorded history constitutes the bulk of known history. Pre-history refers to the unrecorded period before human writing, relying on archaeological evidence. “Pre-literate” is a preferred term as “pre-history” can imply history did not happen.

Question 3

Sources of Information - Primary Resource

Answer 3

A source generated at the time of the event, such as diaries or personal writings.

Question 4

Sources of Information - Secondary Resource

Answer 4

A historian’s interpretation of primary sources, subject to bias.

Question 5

Types of Sources

Answer 5

Written (stone, papyrus, paper, computer-readable files) and Non-written (human remains, buildings, ruins, art, film, oral tradition, folklore, textiles).

Question 6

Oral History

Answer 6

Accounts passed through word of mouth by those who witnessed the event.

Question 7

Oral Tradition

Answer 7

Accounts passed down through generations by those who did not witness the event, often including cultural norms, history, or traditions.

Question 8

Methodology of the Historian - External Criticism

Answer 8

Determines if a document is authentic.

Question 9

Methodology of the Historian - Internal Criticism

Answer 9

Analyzes how a document provides insight into the historical period or civilization.

Question 10

Neolithic Revolution - Overview

Answer 10

Transition from hunter-gatherer societies to settled agricultural communities, marking the shift from the Palaeolithic to the Neolithic era.

Question 11

Neolithic Revolution - Developments

Answer 11

Animal husbandry, plant cultivation, irrigation, population growth, specialized occupations, and social division.

Question 12

Neolithic Revolution - Expression of Identity

Answer 12

Development of writing, religion, music, and art to express communal identity.

Question 13

Civilization

Answer 13

Complex societies organized around a community, culture, and way of life.

Question 14

Markers of Progress and Civilization

Answer 14

Examples include religion and literacy, used to differentiate and sometimes discriminate between societies.

Question 15

Culture

Answer 15

Way of life including practices, lifestyles, and views. Culture varies among groups and is passed down through generations.

Question 16

Cultural Elements

Answer 16

Organization of production, family structure, institutions, and forms of communication.

Question 17

The Nile Valley Civilization

Answer 17

Located along the Nile River in northern Africa (Egypt) with multiple cultural groups.

Question 18

The Nile River - Uses

Answer 18

Provided drinking water, food (fish and waterfowl), building materials, and facilitated trade and transport.

Question 19

Agricultural System of the Nile Valley

Answer 19

Consisted of Akhet (flooding, June-September), Peret (planting, October-February), and Shemu (harvest, March-May).

Question 20

Harappan Civilization (Indus Valley)

Answer 20

Established around 3000 BC with over 100 cities and villages, including Mohenjodaro and Harappa.

Question 21

Harappan Civilization - Discoveries

Answer 21

Ruins discovered in the 1920s.

Question 22

Harappan Agriculture

Answer 22

Extensive irrigation, cultivated various crops, and domesticated animals.

Question 23

Harappan Trade

Answer 23

Traded food, jewelry, cloth, razors, toys, and fish hooks across regions, including the Persian Gulf.

Question 24

Harappan Industry

Answer 24

Produced metals like copper, tin, and bronze.

Question 25

Harappan Town Planning

Answer 25

Featured grid-patterned streets, covered drains, public buildings (e.g., Great Bath), and organized political systems.

Question 26

Harappan Innovations

Answer 26

Developed carts with wooden wheels, single-mast ships, and organized political systems.