Unit 1 Flashcards
Where did the Mongols live
On the Mongolian Steppe
How can you describe the Steppe (5)
Grassland plains
Lack of trees
Dry
Cold
Windy
Who were the Mongols main rivals
Tatars
Naimans
Leader of a tribe called
Tribe
What was the role for women (4)
Raising children
Caring for the home
Processing animal products
Felting and weaving
How many key tribal confederations are there?
5 including the mongols
What did their diet mainly include?
Meat and dairy
How were hereditary leaders chosen?
By a council of elders
What was the written language and administration system?
There was no written language or administration system
How long was the range of mongol bows compared to others
Mongol bows could reach 75m whereas others could only reach 40-50m
How old were mongol children when they were taught how to ride horses?
They were taught for, the age of 3
What was the religion of mongols?
Tengriism
What was the climate of the Mongolian steppe? (3)
Dry
Cold
Windy
How cold could it get in the winter?
-30C
What is a zud?
Alternating thaws and freezing of ice creating thick, impenetrable sheets of ice under the snow
What was a mongol home called?
A ger
What is a ger?
A portable, round tent made of a lattice of wood and covered in animal skins making up the mongol home
How long did it take to pack up a ger?
30-60 mins
How did the Ger benefit the mongols lifestyle?
The mongols lived a nomadic lifestyle so the hers being able to packed up quickly and moved helped them live nomadicly
What was Genghis Khans’s father called?
Yisugei
What was Temujin and Jamukha’s relationship?
Anda (blood brother)
How did Jamukha hinder Temujin?
Temujin fought the Naimans and Jamukha abandoned him
When was the conquest against the Tatars?
1195-1196
Who did Temujin using ally with against the Tatars?
Temujin and the Jin dynasty allied together
What did Temujin say about Tatars in 1202?
He said he wanted to kill all Tatars taller than a wagon wheel
Who led the Jerkin clan?
Sacha Beki
Who took Borte?
The merkits
Who were the 4 groups Temujin fought against and in which order?
Merkits, Tatars, Naimans, Khitans
Where and when was Temujin names Genghis Khan?
The kuriltai of 1206
What does Genghis Khan mean?
Universal Ruler
What was the decimal system?
A type of military organisation where an army was divided into groups of 10
What was the Yam?
A chain of relay stations at certain distances around 20-40 miles apart
It allowed messengers to pass on messages without tiring out
An examples of when terror was used
In Beijing where stories were told that visitors found the ground slippery with blood and human fat
What was “the thousand cuts”?
A torture method where a prisoner would be cut 1000 times until they bled out
These stories would incite terror
An example of the mongols learning about other strategies
They learnt about siege machines and trebuchets
What is a Keshig?
An imperial guard for mongol royalty
What are examples of communication or signals in battle (3)
Flags
Horns
Drums
Who were the mangudei?
Highly skilled horsemen and archers
When was the feint used in battle by the Mongols?
In 1221, Subedei used the feint against the Jin army in the Battle of Yehuling
What were the 5 factors causing Genghis Khan to embark on campaigns beyond the steppes?
Climate
Economic
Religion
Military superiority
Political
