Unit 1

Question 1

Describes Atoms as Tiny, Indestructible, Particles with no internal structures

Answer 1

Dalton

Question 2

Discovered atom and continued on with his plum pudding model given his vision of electrons embedded in a sphere of positive charges.

Answer 2

Thompson

Question 3

Rutherford

Answer 3

Discovers the atom has a small dense, positively charged nucleus with electrons moving around the nucleus

Question 4

Problem of Rutherford model

Answer 4

could not explain electron movements and color change of objects when heated

Question 5

Neil Bohr

Answer 5

electrons orbits around nucleus in circular pathway with set sizes and energy

Question 6

Bohr problem

Answer 6

Makes poor predictions regarding larger atoms

Does not predict intensities and spectral lines

Does not explain fine structure and hyperfine structure

Question 7

Energy Level

Answer 7

The fixed energies electrons can have

Question 8

Quantum:

Answer 8

Amount of energy required to move electron from one energy level to another energy level

Question 9

Quantum Mechanical Model

Answer 9

Determines the allowed energies an electron can have and how likely it is to find the electron in various locations around the nucleus

Question 10

How is Mechanical model represented?

Answer 10

Represented as a cloud due to the volume of space sorrounding the nucleus and the probability of finding the eletrons around it

Question 11

Atomic Orbitals

Answer 11

Region of space in which there is a high probabbility of finding an electron

Question 12

SPDF(shape) and maximum electrons

Answer 12

S- Sphere (2 electrons)

P-Dumbbell (6 electrons)

D- Clover (10 electrons)

Question 13

Electron Configuration

Answer 13

Electrons arranged in various orbitals around nuclei of atoms

Question 14

Aufbau Principle

Answer 14

Electrons occupy orbitals of lowest energy

Question 15

May contain at least 2 electrons with opposite spins

Answer 15

Pauli exclusion

Question 16

Hund’s rule

Answer 16

Electrons occupy orbitals in a way that makes the # of the same spins as large as possible

Question 17

Atomic Size

Answer 17

protons are being added to the nucleus, making it more positively charged by pulling electrons in making it smaller (left to right)

(up, down), the number of energy levels (n) increases, so there is a greater distance between the nucleus and the outermost orbital. This results in a larger atomic radius

Question 18

Cation smaller cause of losses Anions bigger because it gained electrons

Answer 18

ion size trend

Question 19

Ionization energy

Answer 19

Increase (left to right) = Electron cloud is closer to nucleus attracting (more energy) electrons. Decrease (up, down) = Distance is greater between nucleus and the cloud decreasing attraction (less energy) to remove electrons

Question 20

Electronegativity

Answer 20

Increase (left to right) = Atoms in the left tend to be more than half full attracting electrons and high electronegativities
Decrease(up,down)=Increased distance weakens attraction and electronegativity

Question 21

Non-metals Properties

Answer 21

Poor conductors of heat, Not luster or shiny

Question 22

Metals Properties

Answer 22

Luster Shiny, heat and electricity Conductors