Unit 1 Flashcards
social contract
citizens are the foundation of government and have the right to revolt when its not fitting their needs
republicanism
popular sovereignty but through representatives
participatory democracy
belief in widespread political participation
pluralist theory
emphasis on the role of groups in the policy making process
elitist theory
theory that elites have a disproportionate amount of influence
write of habeas corpus
the right of people held by the government to know the charges against them
prohibition of bills of attainder
when legislatures declare someone guilty without trial
prohibition of ex post facto laws
crimes committed before they were legal cannot put one in jail
virginia plan
3 branches of government, direct election for people in house, house chosen by legislatures, more populous state=more reps
new jersey plan
one house, each state has equal reps, rep chosen by state legislatures, new powers over taxation and the economy
great compromise
two houses with electing based off both population and equality, direct representation
amendment process
Article V: 2/3 vote in both houses then 3/4 vote of state legislatures
federalists
strong national government, supported constitution
antifederalists
favored stronger state governments and opposed the ratification of the consitution
factions
a group of self-interested individuals who form groups to use the government to get what they want
federal powers
enumerated powers, “necessary and proper” and “commerce” clauses give them power, power to coin money, declare war, etc.
shared powers
concurrent powers: constitution allows for the federal government to have and does not prevent states from doing so, power to tax, borrow money, etc.
state powers
reserved powers: stated in the Tenth Amendment, power to establish government bodies, hold elections, etc.
full faith and credit clause
requiers states to recognize the public acts, records, and civil court proceedings from other states
extradition
officials must return a criminal to the state the crime was committed
privileges and immunity clause
prevents states from discriminating against anyone from out of state
grants-in-aid
money provided to states by the fed gov to carry out a policy the national government says
fiscal federalism
the govs use of grants-in-aid to influence policies in the US
categorical grants
grants-in-aid with specific provisions in their use
unfunded mandates
fed requirements that states must follow without being provided funding
block grants
grants-in-aid that gives state officials more power over where the money goes
revenue sharing
when the fed gov apportions tax money to the states with no string attached
devolution
returning more authority to the state or locals govs
McCulloch vs. Maryland
allowed Congress to charter a national bank, refuted the authority of Maryland to tax the bank
US vs. Lopez
reinstated the Tenth Amendment (state powers), Lopez charged under the Gun-Free School Zones Act (fed) but not the Texas State Law (state)
