Unit 1 Flashcards
fed-10, brutus 1, types of democracy, types of government, the constitution, etc.
Natural Rights
Life, Liberty, and Property are things that the government can’t take away
Social Contract
People allow government to rule over them to protect their rights.
Popular Sovereignty
Government’s right to rule comes from the people
Limited Government
Government should have certain restrictions on it in order to protect the individual rights and liberties of citizens.
Republicanism
Elected leaders represent the interest of the people (Such as: Senators, Mayors, Governors, House of Representatives)
What is Limited Government supported by?
Separation of Powers (Legislative, Executive, Judicial), Checks and Balances, Federalism, Republicanism)
Identify the 4 Types of Representative Democracies.
Participatory, Pluralist, Pure, and Elitist
Participatory Democracy
Emphasizes broad participation in politics and civil society (protesting, demonstrations, marches)
Pluralist Democracy
Groups (Factions as described by FED-10) organize to try to exerts influence on political decision-making.
Pure Democracy
People vote directly on policies and laws (only used at state/local level)
Elitist Democracy
Limited role for a selected group of people (well-educated and rich). This group of people acts as a filler for the public’s ideas and prevents the masses from making unwise policy decisions.
Explain FED-10
- Supports the Federalist argument
- Factions
- Federal government holds most power
- Pluralist and Elitist Democracy
- Large Republics
- Elected representatives/filter
Explain BRUTUS-1
- Supports the Anti-Federalist argument
- State power
- Republics cannot work because minority voices won’t be heard, only the majority
- Pace of government will slow down (Gridlock)
- Anti-Elitist and Anti-Pluralist
BRUTUS-1 Complaints
- Necessary and Proper Clause will give Congress more power than what is written in A1
- Supremacy Clause weakens the state powers
- Federal Tax Power
- Federal Courts will overrule state courts
- We should no become a large republic - too many people = not appropriately represented
Explain the Articles of Confederation and why is it weak?
Major weaknesses: Lack of centralized military authority, no executive branch, no national court system, no power to regulate interstate commerce (Commerce Clause), no ability to coin money, no taxing authority). Shay’s Rebellion proved it weak.
Ratification of the US Constitution
Compromises
- Great (Connecticut) Compromise
- Bicameralism
- Electoral College
- ⅗ Compromise
- Importation of Slaves Ban
- Adding a Bill of Rights to appease
Anti-Federalists
What is the process of changing an Amendment?
2/3 of both House of Representatives and Senate to introduce amendment and 3/4 of all state legislatures to ratify amendment. No President.
What is Federalism?
Federalism is the division of power across the state and national government. It allows different access points for citizens to influence public policy. (Executive Powers, Concurrent Powers, Reserved Powers (10th)
What are the 2 Types of Federalism?
- Layer Cake/Dual Federalism
- Marble Cake/Cooperative Federalism
What is a Layer Cake/Dual Federalism?
Clearly defined powers between federal and state government.
What is a Marble Cake/Cooperative Federalism?
States/National government work together.
Block Grants (HINT: GIFT CARD)
Money given to states where the states have more control over how many money is spent
Categorical Grant (HINT: COUPON)
Money given to states (carrot) for a specific policy objective with conditions (sticks) attached. Sometimes granted based on a formula.
Unfunded Mandate
Regulation that states must adopt without being given funds from the federal government.
Enumerated Powers
Powers given to Congress in the Constitution
Implied Powers
Powers not listed, but can be implied based on listed powers
Supremacy Clause
Federal government is superior when state and federal policy conflicts.
Commerce Clause
Congress can regulate INTERstate commerce between states while INTRAstate commerce is regulated by individual states.
