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EKG > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is an EKG done?

A
  1. heart rate
  2. heart rhythms
  3. heart size
  4. function of chambers of the heart
  5. find the cause of unexplained chest pain
  6. prior problems (MI)
  7. check how well medications are working
  8. how well mechanical devices are working
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2
Q

How many points do you need for an EKG?

A

2

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3
Q

Rate of one small box

A

0.04 sec

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4
Q

Rate of one big box

A

0.20 sec

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5
Q

How much does the heart weigh?

A

7-15 ounzes

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6
Q

How large is your heart?

A

a bit larger than your fist

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7
Q

About how long has a person’s heart beated at the end of their lifetime?

A

3.5 billion

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8
Q

How many times does the heart beat in a day? How many gallons is that?

A

100,000
2,000

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9
Q

Where is your heart located?

A

b/w your lungs in the middle of your chest, behind and slightly left of the sternum

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10
Q

list the three layers of heart tissue. Outer to inner

A

Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium

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11
Q

What is the double layered membrane that surrounds your heart like a sac called?

A

pericardium

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12
Q

What does the outer layer of the pericardium surround?

A

roots of the heart’s major blood vessels

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13
Q

what is the outer layer of the pericardium attached to?

A

spinal cord and diaphragm

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14
Q

what is the inner layer of the pericardium attached to?

A

the heart muscles

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15
Q

What separates the 2 layers of membranes as your heart beats?

A

fluid

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16
Q

what is diastole

A

ventricles relax

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17
Q

what is systole

A

ventricles contract

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18
Q

what valves are open during diastole?

A

tricuspid and mitral

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19
Q

what valves are closed during diastole?

A

aortic and pulmonary valve

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20
Q

what valves are open during systole?

A

aortic and pulmonary

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21
Q

what valves are closed during systole?

A

tricuspid and mitral

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22
Q

16 steps of circulation of blood flow

A
  1. no oxygenated blood enters the inferior and superior vena cava
  2. right atrium
  3. tricuspid valve
  4. right ventricle
  5. pulmonary valve
  6. pulmonary artery
  7. pulmonary arterioles
  8. pulmonary capillaries
  9. exchange of CO2 in lungs- oxygenated blood
  10. pulmonary vein
    10 left atrium
  11. mitral valve
  12. left ventricle
  13. aortic valve
  14. aorta
  15. oxygenated blood is pumped throughout the rest of the body
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23
Q

What is the system of blood vessels that supply the heart muscles?

A

coronary circulation

24
Q

What does the aorta branch off into

A

left coronary artery and right coronary artery

25
Q

what does the left coronary artery branch off into

A

circumflex arty and left anterior descending artery

26
Q

what is the Widowmaker?

A

nickname to describe a highly stenotic left main coronary artery

27
Q

what is arterial sclerosis?

A

a chronic disease in which thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls result in impaired blood circulation.
develops with hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and other conditions

28
Q

what is atherosclerosis?

A

a form of arteriosclerorsis characterized by deposition of plaques (cholesterol and lipids)

29
Q

what is stenosis?

A

constriction of narrowing blood vessel

30
Q

what is the heart’s natural pacemaker?

A

sinoatrial node

31
Q

What is step 1 of the electrical pathway?

A

SA nodes sends out an electrical signal

32
Q

What is step 2 of the electrical pathway?

A

electrical signal follows through the internodal pathway through both atria. the movement of electricity causes atria to contract, pushing blood into ventricles.

33
Q

What is step 3 of the electrical pathway?

A

signal reaches AV node, where the signal PAUSES, so the ventricles can fill up with blood

34
Q

What is step 4 of the electrical pathway?

A

the electrical signal passes through the HIS purkinje system (Bundle of His, Bundle Branches, and Purkinje fibers): ventricles contract & blood is sent throughout thee body

35
Q

what are the steps of the electrical pathway known as? How long does it take?

A

cardiac cycle; last 0.80 seconds

36
Q

Intrinsic pathway steps

A
  1. SA node
  2. Internodal pathway
  3. AV node
  4. Bundle of His
  5. Bundle Branches
  6. Purkinje Fibers
37
Q

At what bpm does the SA send out the electrical signal?

A

60-100

38
Q

At what bpm does the atria send out the electrical signal?

A

.60-80 bpm

39
Q

At what bpm does the AV node send out the electrical signal?

A

40-60 bpm

40
Q

At what bpm does the His Purkinje system send out the electrical signal?

A

20-40

41
Q

what is the p wave

A

atrial depolarization ( contraction)

42
Q

what is QRS complex

A

ventricular depolarization

43
Q

what is the t wave

A

ventricular relaxation

44
Q

What does the pause mean in the EKG

A

it pauses because the ventricles are filling up with blood

45
Q

What is the Q point

A

Bundle of His

46
Q

what is the R point?

A

bundle branches

47
Q

what is the S point?

A

purkinje fibers

48
Q

Define the PR interval?

A

the time from the onset of the P wave to teh onset of the QRS complex

49
Q

Define the QRS complex ( as in interval on the ekg)

A

the time from the beginning to the end of the QRS complex

50
Q

Define the QT interval?

A

the beginning of the QRS complex to the end of the T wave

51
Q

How long is the PR interval

A

0.12 to 0.20 seconds (3-5 small boxes)

52
Q

How long is the QRS complex?

A

0.04- 0.12 seconds (1-3 small boxes)

53
Q

How long is the QT interval?

A

<0.44 seconds (<11 small boxes)

54
Q

How do you interpret an EKG?

A
  1. heart rate (bpm) - R wave to R wave
  2. Rhythm- check regular or irregular
  3. P wave= present & not present
  4. PR ratio= 1:1 ratio yes
  5. PR interval (0.12-0.20 sec)
  6. QRS complex (0.04 -0.12 sec)
  7. QT interval (<0.44 sec)
55
Q

Normal heartbeat range

A

60-100 bpm

EKG (3 decks)

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