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Apes > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Define Environmental Science

A

The interdisciplinary study of Earth’s support system, and all of the social sciences as well.

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2
Q

What are five examples of life support systems?

A
  1. Nutrient cycling
  2. Evolution
  3. Soil formation
  4. Spatial structure
  5. Primary productivity
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3
Q

What are five types of provisioning services?

A
  1. Food
  2. Water
  3. Fuel wood
  4. Fiber
  5. Biochemicals
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4
Q

What are five examples of Regulating services?

A
  1. Climate regulation
  2. Disease regulation
  3. Water regulation
  4. Water purification
  5. Pollution
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5
Q

What are five examples of cultural services?

A
  1. Spiritual
  2. Religious
  3. Recreation
  4. Ecotourism
  5. Aesthetic
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6
Q

Explain how the natural sciences and social sciences interact in environmental sciences?

A

Cultural services control how a living species reacts to their environment, it affects disease, water, and how a species pollutes the environment around them. This affects the environmental science in an area.

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7
Q

Define ecology

A

Comes from the Greek word oikos meaning house( the study of houses)
The ecological study
Study of Earth

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8
Q

Define ecology

A

Comes from the Greek word oikos meaning house( the study of houses)
The ecological study
Study of Earth

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9
Q

What are the five levels of organization in the biosphere?

A

Population - given species
Community - all species
Ecosystem - Abiotic and biotic factors
Biome - large area with climate
Biosphere - portion of earth that supports life

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10
Q

What is a habitat?

A

An organisms address

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11
Q

What is a niche?

A

An organisms occupation or way of making a living: overall role in an ecosystem

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12
Q

What is an indicator species?

A

A species with a narrow range of tolerance for important biotic and abiotic factors within an ecosystem.

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13
Q

What is a keystone species?

A

A species that has a niche that contributes to many other species within the ecosystem.

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14
Q

What is a generalist species?

A

Will eat anything (raccoon)

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15
Q

What is a specialist?

A

Will only eat one thing (koala)

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16
Q

What are heterotrophs?

A

Organisms that consume other organisms. (Herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, scavengers)

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17
Q

What is an Autotroph

A

Organisms that make their own food (Plants, primitive)

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18
Q

What are detritivores?

A

Ingests non-living organic matter (earthworms, woodlice)

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19
Q

What are Saprotrophs

A

Lives in or on non living organic matter, secreting digestive enzymes into it and absorbing digestive products. (Bacteria and fungi)

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20
Q

What is afood chain?

A

A series of organisms in an ecosystem related by their feeding patterns

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21
Q

What is a food web?

A

A series of multiple overlapping food chains

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22
Q

Why do all pyramids, numbers, energy, and biomass look the same?

A

With plants you can support herbivores which can support carnivores which eat large amounts of each other

23
Q

What is the 90 10 rule

A

90% of energy is lost at every tropic level to heat and waste, only 10% becomes biomass

24
Q

Why is eating lower on the food chain means more food for all humans?

A

Eating vegetarian makes 10x as much plant energy available for other humans

25
Q

What is gross primary productivity

A

Total amount of solar energy captured (Co2 incorporated into C6H1206)

26
Q

What is net primary productivity

A

Gross productivity - respiration

27
Q

What are the predator and prey benefits from acquiring food

A

Prey benefits from “culling of the heard” aka weakest of the population die off pushing evolution of the group to make it more fit.

28
Q

What is intraspecies competition?

A

Between members of the same species

29
Q

What is interspecies competition?

A

Between members of different species

30
Q

What is symbiosis?

A

A close, long term relationship between two species in which at least one species benefits

31
Q

What are Ectoparasites?

A

Things that live on the host surface

32
Q

What are endoparasites?

A

Live inside the body of a host

33
Q

What is commensalism

A

One organism benefits while the other is not affected.

34
Q

What is mutualism?

A

Both species benefit
The relationship is often obligatory, as neither can exist without the other

35
Q

What is an indicator species?

A

Low tolerance for habitat change

36
Q

What is a keystone species

A

Has a niche that affects other animals in the ecosystem

37
Q

What happens when water goes into ground from rain?

A

It infiltrates into the ground and collects as groundwater in aquifers

38
Q

What is water that evaporates from plants?

A

Transpiration

39
Q

What is water that comes from ice?

A

Sublimation

40
Q

What is when nitrogen fixing soil in bacteria is converted to ammonium?

A

Ammonification

41
Q

What is when nitrifying bacteria’s convert ammonium to nitrates

A

Nitrification

42
Q

Decomposes turn into this in the nitrogen cycle

A

Ammonium

43
Q

What is when nitrates are used by plants?

A

Assimilation

44
Q

What is respiration

A

When a consumer releases carbon into the atmosphere

45
Q

What is combustion?

A

When fire or volcanic sources release stuff into atmosphere

46
Q

What do fossil fuels lead to?

A

Extraction

47
Q

Decomposers and fires result in blank which makes fossil fuels

A

Burial

48
Q

In the ocean dissolved phosphates become

A

Phosphate rocks

49
Q

Dissolved phosphates are consumed by

A

Producers

50
Q

When a human uses phosphate mining in their house it is

A

Detergents

51
Q

Fertilizers and humans do this to phosphates in soil

A

Leaching

52
Q

What are three ways humans are increasing the CO2 in the biosphere?

A
  1. Burning fossil fuels atmospheric CO2 and global climate change
  2. Cutting down trees and burning rainforest adds Co2 to the atmosphere
  3. Making cement released Co2 from the (chemical formula i can’t read) converted into limestone
53
Q

What is the primary negative effect of having too much phosphorus in bodies of water?

A

Fertilizer and detergent get into bodies of water where p along with n is the limiting nutrient for algae growth. Trigger eutrophication.

Apes (2 decks)

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