Unit 1

Question 1

To engineers, soils included

Answer 1

Layers of earth and rocks below the topsoil

Question 2

We need to know if layers of soil

Answer 2

Can support what we’re building

Question 3

Soils has been studied for

Answer 3

200 years

Question 4

Tower of Piza mistake is

Answer 4

It’s location, built on area of acient river with varying river bottoms.

Question 5

Soil boring (drilling)

Answer 5

To investigate/evaluate the subsurface conditions in the area of proposed structure

Question 6

We investigate soils for

Answer 6

1) stability of soils in Excavation and Trenchs
2)Stability and Erosion in Slopes
3)Flow of Water through soils
4)Consolidation and Strengths of underlying soils
5) Lateral Strength of Soils and Retaining Walls

Question 7

Shear Resistance

Answer 7

The strength of soil that resist one layer from sliding over the adjacent layer

Question 8

Spread footings

Answer 8

Spread the load over a larger area, in competent soils

Question 9

Piles or Caissons

Answer 9

Used to support load when competent soils are encountered at founding depth

Question 10

How many Ice Age

Answer 10

5

Question 11

Last Ice Age name and year of activities

Answer 11

Wisconsin advance, 85000-12000

Question 12

During Ice Age, global temp and sea level drops

Answer 12

6°C, 120 m

Question 13

Most landforms we see today were formed by

Answer 13

Advancing/retreating glaciers, glacier meltwater and glacier lake.

Question 14

Glaciers are natural bulldozer

Answer 14

Stripped existing soils, ground up exposed rock surface.

Question 15

Type of glacier

Answer 15

Alpine(Valley) glacier and continental glacier

Question 16

3 Main Process of Erosion

Answer 16

Direct Erosion, Abrasion, Plucking

Question 17

Glacier deposition method

Answer 17

1) Direct deposition
2) by meltwater
3)Drifting ice rafts
4) by wind

Question 18

Direct Deposition: Till

Answer 18

Jumble of many diff types of rocks and soils, Unsorted and unstratified

Question 19

Till contains

Answer 19

Typically silts and clays, good for earth fill (if sorted good for road building granulars)

Question 20

By meltwater: Outwash

Answer 20

Sorted and stratified, ahead of glacier. Often low in slits/clays, smoothened rocks

Question 21

Rock flour

Answer 21

Finely grounded rocks suspended in meltwaters

Question 22

Ice Drift Rafts deposits

Answer 22

Lacustrine Deposits ( bed of glacier lakes)

Question 23

By wind deposits

Answer 23

Loessian deposits. Mostly silts with some fine sands and clays. Loosely held together by calcium carbonates

Question 24

Glacier landforms (9)

Answer 24

Moraine, Outwash, Lacustrine, Erratic, Drumlins, Kames, Kettles, Eskers, Marine

Question 25

Moraines

Answer 25

Long, Rolling Hills. Some by Direct Deposits, Many by Outwash

Question 26

Oak Ridges Moraine

Answer 26

Cadelon to Peterborough (160 km). Granular material, water source.