Unit 1

Question 1

area principle

Answer 1

when amounts are compared, they must be proportional

Question 2

relative

Answer 2

percentage

Question 3

association or dependence

Answer 3

if knowing one variable, helps to predict the value of another

Question 4

marginal distributions

Answer 4

the totals of every category

Question 5

conditional distributions

Answer 5

restraints on calculations

Question 6

Simpsons paradox

Answer 6

when averages are taken across different groups they appear to contradict the overall averages

Question 7

the W’s

Answer 7

who, what, where, when, why, how

Question 8

mean

Answer 8

average

Question 9

median

Answer 9

middle number

Question 10

mode

Answer 10

what occurs the most

Question 11

outlier

Answer 11

a piece of data that is unusually low or high

Question 12

simulation

Answer 12

a random re-enactment of data collection under one or more assumptions

Question 13

standard deviation

Answer 13

average distance of the data points from the mean

Question 14

variance

Answer 14

sum of squared deviations from the mean divided by (n-1)

Question 15

percentile

Answer 15

data at or below a data piece

Question 16

quantitative (discrete)

Answer 16

countable numbers; no decimals

Question 17

quantitative (continous)

Answer 17

an infinite amount of possible answers between each set

Question 18

quantitative data condition

Answer 18

the data values of a quantitative variable whose units are known

Question 19

categorical data condition

Answer 19

the data are counts or percentages of individuals in non-overlapping categories

Question 20

contingency tables

Answer 20

compare all levels of two categorical variables for the purpose of seeing if there is an association

Question 21

dot plots

Answer 21

a way of tracking data when you have very little

Question 22

histograms

Answer 22

divides number line into equal intervals and displays the number of data values in each data

Question 23

frequency table

Answer 23

lists categories and how many belong to each one

Question 24

segmented bar graph

Answer 24

used to compare conditional distributions

Question 25

interquartile range

Answer 25

tells us how spread out the middle 50% is

Question 26

boxplot

Answer 26

divides the data into equal parts and displays the portion of the number line each part covers

Question 27

mosaic plot

Answer 27

accounts for the number of pieces of data in each group; frequency shows up at area

Question 28

ogive graph

Answer 28

cum. frequency graph