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AICE Environmental M. > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

Intro, Water Cycle, Structure and Composition of Atmosphere, Ecosystems

1
Q

Continents?

A

N. America, S. America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Oceania, Antarctica

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2
Q

Low-Income Country (LIC)

A

GNI: <$1,086 (Ex: Malawi)

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3
Q

Middle-Income Country (MIC)

A

GNI: 1,086 < $ < 13,205 (Ex: Vietnam)

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4
Q

High-Income Country (HIC)

A

GNI: >$13,205 (Ex: Germany)

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5
Q

Sustainability

A

The quality of causing little or no damage to the environment and therefore able to continue for a long time. (Meetings needs of present, without harming those of future)

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6
Q

Pollution

A

Damage caused to water, air, etc. by harmful substances or waste

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7
Q

Biodiversity

A

The number and types of plants and animals that exist in a particular area or in the world generally, or the problem of protecting this

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8
Q

Water Cycle

A

Continuous movement of water above, on, and below the Earth surface

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9
Q

Open System

A

Water can flow in and out of a water system

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10
Q

Closed System

A

There is a set amount of water within the system (Ex: globe)

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11
Q

Evaporation

A

the process of a liquid changing to a gas, especially by heating

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12
Q

Precipitation

A

water that falls from the clouds toward the ground, especially as rain or snow

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13
Q

Transpiration

A

the process of losing water through the surface or skin of a body or a plant

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14
Q

Humidity

A

a measurement of how much water there is in the air

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15
Q

Condensation

A

the act or process of changing from a gas to a liquid or solid state

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16
Q

Interception

A

precipitation being blocked from touching the ground by leaves or trees

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17
Q

Through-Fall

A

water falling through leaves and branches onto the ground

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18
Q

Stem-Flow

A

water running down a stem

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19
Q

Runoff

A

water from rain or melting snow, or liquid from an industrial or farming process, that flows into a place such as a river

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20
Q

Aquifer

A

a layer of rock, sand, or earth that contains water or allows water to pass through it

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21
Q

Infiltration

A

water is absorbed by soil

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22
Q

Through-flow

A

water flowing through the soil

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23
Q

Groundwater

A

water that collects below the surface of the earth

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24
Q

Groundwater Flow

A

water moving through the ground (usually slower and deeper than through flow)

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25
Q

Abstracted

A

water from one aquifer can move laterally into another

26
Q

Atmosphere

A

the mixture of gases around the earth

27
Q

Troposphere

A

the layer of gases surrounding the earth from the surface to about 6 miles

28
Q

Stratosphere

A

the layer of gases surrounding the earth at a height of between 15 and 50 kilometers that is not affected by the weather and in which the temperature increases with height

29
Q

Ozone Layer

A

a layer of air containing ozone high above the earth that prevents harmful ultraviolet light from the sun from reaching the earth

30
Q

Mesosphere

A

the layer of gases surrounding the earth at a height of between 50 and 100 kilometers (meteors burn through)

31
Q

Thermosphere

A

the region of the earth’s atmosphere that is above the mesosphere and in which the temperature increases with height

32
Q

Variable Gases

A

gases that vary spatially or over time (CO2 and H2O)

33
Q

Natural Greenhouse Effect

A

the gradual warming of the earth because of heat trapped by carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere

34
Q

Greenhouse Gases

A

a gas that causes the greenhouse effect, especially carbon dioxide

35
Q

Chlorofluorocarbons

A

a gas used in refrigerators and, in the past, in aerosols

36
Q

Biosphere

A

a part of a planet’s environment where life exists

37
Q

Hydrosphere

A

all of the water, ice, and water vapour at or near the surface of a planet

38
Q

Lithosphere

A

the solid outer layer of a planet

39
Q

Biomes

A

a region of the earth’s surface and the particular combination of climate (= general type of weather), plants, and animals that are found in it

40
Q

Biotic

A

involving, caused by, or relating to living things in the environment

41
Q

Abiotic

A

relating to things in the environment that are not living

42
Q

Species

A

a set of animals or plants in which the members have similar characteristics to each other and can breed with each other

43
Q

Population

A

all the people or animals of a particular type or group who live in one country, area, or place

44
Q

Community

A

a group of animals or plants that live or grow together

45
Q

Competition

A

Competition is also a situation in which the various organisms living in the same area try to compete for a limited supply of food, water, space, etc

46
Q

Ecological Niche

A

role that a species fills in an ecosystem

47
Q

Intra-specific Competition

A

competition within species

48
Q

Inter-specific Competition

A

competition across species

49
Q

Food Chain

A

a series of living things that are connected because each group of things eats the group below it in the series

50
Q

Trophic levels

A

any of the layers of an ecosystem with the same position in the food chain

51
Q

Primary Producers

A

in the food chain, a plant that produces food from the sun and is then eaten

52
Q

Consumers

A

organisms that do not produce their own food

53
Q

herbivores

A

eat only primary producers

54
Q

omnivores

A

eat both plants and animasl

55
Q

carnivores

A

eat only meat

56
Q

Decomposers

A

an organism such as a bacterium or fungus that makes dead plant and animal material decay

57
Q

limiting factor (in food web)

A

amount of energy available to each trophic level

58
Q

Biomass

A

energy that gets carried over a trophic level

59
Q

Carbon sink

A

an area of forest that is large enough to absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide from the earth’s atmosphere and therefore to reduce the effect of global warming

60
Q

Carbon Source

A

when carbon is released from a carbon sink, the sink becomes the source

61
Q

Cryosphere

A

parts of the earth’s surface where water exists as ice

62
Q

Pedosphere

A

organic matter in soil (remains)

AICE Environmental M. (2 decks)

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