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AICE Environmental M. > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

Intro, Water Cycle, Structure and Composition of Atmosphere, Ecosystems

1
Q

Continents?

A

N. America, S. America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Oceania, Antarctica

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2
Q

Low-Income Country (LIC)

A

GNI: <$1,086 (Ex: Malawi)

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3
Q

Middle-Income Country (MIC)

A

GNI: 1,086 < $ < 13,205 (Ex: Vietnam)

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4
Q

High-Income Country (HIC)

A

GNI: >$13,205 (Ex: Germany)

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5
Q

Sustainability

A

The quality of causing little or no damage to the environment and therefore able to continue for a long time. (Meetings needs of present, without harming those of future)

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6
Q

Pollution

A

Damage caused to water, air, etc. by harmful substances or waste

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7
Q

Biodiversity

A

The number and types of plants and animals that exist in a particular area or in the world generally, or the problem of protecting this

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8
Q

Water Cycle

A

Continuous movement of water above, on, and below the Earth surface

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9
Q

Open System

A

Water can flow in and out of a water system

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10
Q

Closed System

A

There is a set amount of water within the system (Ex: globe)

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11
Q

Evaporation

A

the process of a liquid changing to a gas, especially by heating

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12
Q

Precipitation

A

water that falls from the clouds toward the ground, especially as rain or snow

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13
Q

Transpiration

A

the process of losing water through the surface or skin of a body or a plant

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14
Q

Humidity

A

a measurement of how much water there is in the air

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15
Q

Condensation

A

the act or process of changing from a gas to a liquid or solid state

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16
Q

Interception

A

precipitation being blocked from touching the ground by leaves or trees

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17
Q

Through-Fall

A

water falling through leaves and branches onto the ground

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18
Q

Stem-Flow

A

water running down a stem

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19
Q

Runoff

A

water from rain or melting snow, or liquid from an industrial or farming process, that flows into a place such as a river

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20
Q

Aquifer

A

a layer of rock, sand, or earth that contains water or allows water to pass through it

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21
Q

Infiltration

A

water is absorbed by soil

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22
Q

Through-flow

A

water flowing through the soil

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23
Q

Groundwater

A

water that collects below the surface of the earth

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24
Q

Groundwater Flow

A

water moving through the ground (usually slower and deeper than through flow)

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25
Abstracted
water from one aquifer can move laterally into another
26
Atmosphere
the mixture of gases around the earth
27
Troposphere
the layer of gases surrounding the earth from the surface to about 6 miles
28
Stratosphere
the layer of gases surrounding the earth at a height of between 15 and 50 kilometers that is not affected by the weather and in which the temperature increases with height
29
Ozone Layer
a layer of air containing ozone high above the earth that prevents harmful ultraviolet light from the sun from reaching the earth
30
Mesosphere
the layer of gases surrounding the earth at a height of between 50 and 100 kilometers (meteors burn through)
31
Thermosphere
the region of the earth's atmosphere that is above the mesosphere and in which the temperature increases with height
32
Variable Gases
gases that vary spatially or over time (CO2 and H2O)
33
Natural Greenhouse Effect
the gradual warming of the earth because of heat trapped by carbon dioxide and other gases in the atmosphere
34
Greenhouse Gases
a gas that causes the greenhouse effect, especially carbon dioxide
35
Chlorofluorocarbons
a gas used in refrigerators and, in the past, in aerosols
36
Biosphere
a part of a planet's environment where life exists
37
Hydrosphere
all of the water, ice, and water vapour at or near the surface of a planet
38
Lithosphere
the solid outer layer of a planet
39
Biomes
a region of the earth's surface and the particular combination of climate (= general type of weather), plants, and animals that are found in it
40
Biotic
involving, caused by, or relating to living things in the environment
41
Abiotic
relating to things in the environment that are not living
42
Species
a set of animals or plants in which the members have similar characteristics to each other and can breed with each other
43
Population
all the people or animals of a particular type or group who live in one country, area, or place
44
Community
a group of animals or plants that live or grow together
45
Competition
Competition is also a situation in which the various organisms living in the same area try to compete for a limited supply of food, water, space, etc
46
Ecological Niche
role that a species fills in an ecosystem
47
Intra-specific Competition
competition within species
48
Inter-specific Competition
competition across species
49
Food Chain
a series of living things that are connected because each group of things eats the group below it in the series
50
Trophic levels
any of the layers of an ecosystem with the same position in the food chain
51
Primary Producers
in the food chain, a plant that produces food from the sun and is then eaten
52
Consumers
organisms that do not produce their own food
53
herbivores
eat only primary producers
54
omnivores
eat both plants and animasl
55
carnivores
eat only meat
56
Decomposers
an organism such as a bacterium or fungus that makes dead plant and animal material decay
57
limiting factor (in food web)
amount of energy available to each trophic level
58
Biomass
energy that gets carried over a trophic level
59
Carbon sink
an area of forest that is large enough to absorb large amounts of carbon dioxide from the earth's atmosphere and therefore to reduce the effect of global warming
60
Carbon Source
when carbon is released from a carbon sink, the sink becomes the source
61
Cryosphere
parts of the earth's surface where water exists as ice
62
Pedosphere
organic matter in soil (remains)

AICE Environmental M. (2 decks)

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