Unit 1

Question 1

Sadduccees

Answer 1

High priesthood, aristocrats, Torah heavy, no resurrection or angels

Question 2

Important dates for Palestinian Jews in Rome

Answer 2

70 AD - destruction of temple
130 AD - expelled from Rome

Question 3

Essenes

Answer 3

Not mentioned in NT, ascetic, “true” remnant of Jews, Qumran

Question 4

Pharisees

Answer 4

Synagogue instead of temple based, interpret law for changing world, leaders of synagogues, most popular, survived post temple destruction

Question 5

Septuagint

Answer 5

LXX, Greek Old Testament, became Christian OT so Jews stopped using.

Question 6

Hellenistic

Answer 6

Pertaining to Greek culture

Question 7

6 implications of Platonism

Answer 7

1. Other worldly orientation
2. Ascetic practices
3. Intellect we possess apprehends truth leading to joy
4. Pre-existence of souls
5. Negative view of material world
6. Implicit form of monotheism

Question 8

Rule of faith

Answer 8

Regula Fidei

Question 9

Bishop

Answer 9

Leader/regional leader
Embodiment of rule of faith
Appointed

Question 10

Ignatius of Antioch

Answer 10

Martyred AD 115

Question 11

Polycarp

Answer 11

Martyred AD 155

Question 12

Catechumen

Answer 12

3 year period of learning prior to full acceptance into Christian faith

Question 13

Libellus

Answer 13

Official certification of proof of sacrifice to Jupiter. Used to eliminate/persecute Christian’s, part of getting back to true “Rome”. Part of Emperor Decius program

Question 14

Docetism

Answer 14

An early Christological heresy which treated Jesus Christ as a purely divine being who only had the “appearance of being human”.
Metaphysical Dualism heresy
Jesus couldn’t have a body and be good.

Question 15

Gnosticism

Answer 15

An early Greek religious movement that was a particularly influential in the second century church. Believed that devotees had gained a special kind of spiritual enlightenment, through which they had attained a secret or higher level of knowledge not accessible to everyone. Emphasized spiritual over material, claiming material realm was evil.
Metaphysical Dualism heresy

Question 16

Gnosis

Answer 16

Knowledge

Question 17

Orthodoxy

Answer 17

Most important use is the sense of “right belief” as opposed to heresy

Question 18

Patristic

Answer 18

Refers to first centuries in the history of the church, following the writing of the New Testament or thinkers writing during this period.

Question 19

Post Apostolic Fathers

Answer 19

Clement of Rome
Ignatius of Antioch
Polycarp of Smyrna

Question 20

Apologist

Answer 20

Justin Martyr

Question 21

Major Church Fathers

Answer 21

Irenaeus of Lyon (140-200) - main opponent to gnosticism
Tertullian (160-225) - Latin
Clement of Alexandria - leader of school
Origen (185-254) - outstanding student became leader

Question 22

Heresy

Answer 22

Word means “false choice” in how to worship God, implies there is a standard.

Question 23

Metaphysical Dualism

Answer 23

Heresy.
Sharp distinction between spirit and matter. Matter (associated with change) evil and spirit (associated with changlessness and reason) good.
Both always exists and at war.

Question 24

Marcion

Answer 24

“First great heretic of Christian faith”
Excommunicated from Rome church
Heresy: OT God different from NT God, can’t know OT God but can NT God.
Created his own cannon from NT: Jesus’ teachings and some of Paul’s writing.
Forced church to determine what is canon.

Question 25

Montanism

Answer 25

Heresy
Prophetic, charismatic movement
Founded by Montanus w/ prophetesses: Priscilla and Maximillia
Ongoing revelations need
Forced church to determine is Scripture closed and when, what has scriptural authority

Question 26

Muratorian fragment

Answer 26

Gives early list of NT canon

Question 27

Monarchian Controversy

Answer 27

200-230 AD
If One God - problem with how to relate Jesus and HS

Question 28

Adoptionism

Answer 28

Jesus was ordinary man with extraordinary capabilities
Adopted into Godhead after resurrection, mere man who became divine
Not widespread

Question 29

Modalism

Answer 29

(Part of Monarchian Controversy)
- preserved one God
- Jesus was divine
- But not separate persons - collapses distinction between God and Jesus - essentially the same person
- Taught by Praxeus

Question 30

Tertullian

Answer 30

Early church Father
Writes against Praxeus and modalism
Coins term “trinity’s” - trinity
Writes in Latin

Question 31

Origen

Answer 31

Theologian
185-254 AD
Towering intellectual figure from Alexandria School of Theology
Made leader of canonical school at 20
Wrote lots of things: Hexepla -life project
On First Principles
Against Celsius

Question 32

Cyprian of Carthage

Answer 32

200-258 AD
Roman rhetorician of considerable skill who was converted to Christianity around 246 and elected bishop of the North African city of Carthage in 248. He was martyred there in 258. His writings focus on the unity of the church and the role of its bishops in maintaining orthodoxy and order.

Question 33

Rebaptism controversy

Answer 33

Should we rebaptize people who were baptized in other traditions such as Novationists.
Bishop of Rome - Stephen said no need if baptized in name of trinity
Cyrpian disagreed and thought they should be rebaptized - wrote on unity of Catholic Church.

Question 34

Recapitulation theory of salvation

Answer 34

Associated with Irenaeus
States that Christ “recapitulated” or “comprehended” in himself the whole of humanity in such a way that humanity was given a new start. Retraced Adam’s steps through life without sin, thus sanctifying humanity and making it possible for people who are born again to be saved. All that was lost in Adam is regained in Christ.

Question 35

Traducianism

Answer 35

The view that in addition to the human body the human soul is transmitted from the parents to the child, rather than being created specifically for the human body by God ex nihilo.