Unit 1

Question 1

Translation of “psychology”

Answer 1

psych (psyche) - mind/soul
ology (logos) - to study

Question 2

Definition of psychology

Answer 2

The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes

Question 3

Hippocrates’s Four Humours Theory

Answer 3

Blood - Sanguine
Phlegm - Phlegmatic
Black Bile - Melancholic
Yellow Bile - Choleric

Question 4

Phrenology

Answer 4

The concept that behaviour is influenced by the shape of your head

Question 5

What are the four historic approaches?

Answer 5

1. Structuralism
2. Functionalism
3. Inheritable Traits
4. Gestalt Psychology

Question 6

What is structuralism, who developed it, and give an example

Answer 6

Structuralism breaks down behaviour into its most simple elements, often using introspection (the idea of looking within and self-reporting).

Wilhelm Wunt

Ex. Observing how long periods of time spent on social media make you feel.

Question 7

What is functionalism, who developed it, and give an example

Answer 7

Functionalism examines the function of behaviour. Functionalists believe that everything we do fulfills the function of survival.

William James

Ex.
- The purpose of fear is to protect us from danger.
- Sally makes friends to form strong bonds to protect her from the cruel world.

Question 8

What are Inheritable Traits, who developed the concept, and give an example.

Answer 8

Behaviour is the direct result of inherited genes.

Sir Francis Galton

Ex. Jo is kind because her parents are kind.

Question 9

What is Gestalt Psychology, who developed it, and give an example

Answer 9

Gestalt psychology suggests that behaviour is a result of prior knowledge and our ability to problem solve.

Wertheimer/Kohler/Koffka

Ex. Bobby has noticed over the past few weeks that his teacher makes a spectacle each time it is someone’s birthday. When his birthday comes around, he chooses not to tell his teacher.

Question 10

Meaning of “gestalt”

Answer 10

Gestalt = whole pattern, in German

Question 11

What are the six contemporary approaches?

Answer 11

1. Psychoanalytical Psychology
2. Behavioural Psychology
3. Humanistic Psychology
4. Cognitive Psychology
5. Biological Psychology
6. Sociocultural Psychology

Question 12

What is psychoanalytical psychology and who developed it? Give an example.

Answer 12

Psychoanalytical psychology is a method of studying the mind and treating mental and emotional disorders by examining the unconscious mind. Often includes dream analysis, free association and examining early childhood experiences.

Sigmund Freud

Ex. Fred lost his keys because, unconsciously, he did not want to go to work that day.

Question 13

What is behavioural psychology and who developed it? Give an example.

Answer 13

Behaviour is a result of the actions and thoughts of others (positive/negative reinforcement, punishment and classical conditioning).

Pavlov/Watson/Skinner

Ex. A teacher has a reward system to recognize good behaviour.

Question 14

What is humanistic psychology and who developed it? Give an example.

Answer 14

Each person has the freedom to direct their own future and achieve personal growth. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.

Maslow/Rogers/May

Ex. Billy chooses to pursue his dream job to live a long and meaningful life.

Question 15

What is cognitive psychology and who developed it? Provide an example.

Answer 15

Cognitive psychology suggests that behaviour is a result of how we process, store, retrieve and use information.

Piaget/Chomsky/Festinger

Ex. Jimmy’s stress from a traumatic incident could influence his memory and recollection of the event.

Question 16

What is biological psychology and who developed it? Give an example.

Answer 16

Biological psychology suggests that our behaviour is the result of our physiological makeup (genes, blood, hormones, brain, vitamins/minerals, etc.)

No specific person developed it.

Ex. The brain scan of someone with schizophrenia looks drastically different that the scan of his twin without schizophrenia.

Question 17

What is sociocultural psychology and who is associated with it? Provide an example.

Answer 17

Our behaviour is the result of the culture we belong to.

No specific person is associated with it.

Ex. Young people raised in an environment where criminal behaviour is considered normal and necessary will likely take less interest in education.

Question 18

Psychologist vs Psychiatrist

Answer 18

Psychologists: trained to observe, analyse and evaluate behaviour (usually have a doctoral degree in psychology)

Psychiatrists: medical doctors who can prescribe medication or operate on patients (will work with psychologists on treating patients)

Question 19

Clinical psychologists

Answer 19

Diagnoses and treats people with emotional disturbances

Question 20

Counselling Psychologists

Answer 20

helps people deal with everyday problems of living

Question 21

Developmental Psychologists

Answer 21

“The discipline that attempts to describe and explain the changes that occur over time in the thought. reasoning and functioning of a person due to biological, individual and environmental influences. Developmental psychology involves the study of children’s development as well as the development of human behaviour accros the lifespan, even the process of dying”

Question 22

Educational Psychology

Answer 22

“The application of what we know about learning and motivation, development, and measurement and statistics to educational settings (both school and community-based). “Educational psychology is an ambitious course that undertakes the presentation of many different topics all tied together by the theme of how the individual can best function in an educational setting, loosely defined as anything from pre-school through adult education.”

Question 23

Forensic Psychology

Answer 23

devoted to psychological aspects of legal processes in courts. The term is also often used to refer to investigative and criminological psychology: applying psychological theory to criminal investigation, understanding psychological problems associated with criminal behaviour, and the treatment of criminals.

Question 24

Sport Psychology

Answer 24

“Applied sport and exercise psychology involves extending theory and research into the field to educate coaches, athletes, parents, exercisers, fitness professionals, and athletic trainers about the psychological aspects of their sport or activity. A primary goal of professionals in applied sport and exercise psychology is to facilitate optimal involvement, performance, and enjoyment in sport and exercise.”

Question 25

Community Psychologist

Answer 25

A psychologist who may work in or design a mental health or social welfare agency.

Question 26

Social Psychology

Answer 26

According to the Social Psychology Network, “Social psychology is the scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another.” Common topic areas within social psychology include prejudice & discrimination, aggression, leadership, attitudes, stereotypes, group dynamics, interpersonal attraction & perception

Question 27

Environmental Psychologists

Answer 27

investigate the relationship between people and their physical environment. They apply this understanding to the planning, design and operation of a range of areas, such as public spaces, social settings and built environments.

Question 28

Industrial Psychology

Answer 28

a relatively new branch of psychology that was created for corporations and organizations that needed more structure. Industrial psychology is able to provide this structure by evaluating employee behaviour for the good of the company. It is often referred to as organizational psychology because of its emphasis on analyzing individuals who work for various organizations.

Question 29

Experimental Psychologist

Answer 29

A psychologist who studies sensation, perception, learning, motivation and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions.

Question 30

Crisis Stabilization/Inpatient Unit

Answer 30

An emergency room or special ward for mental disorders for a short time. When someone is dealing with a serious mental health disorder, they might be admitted to this type of unit for short term, emergent care (suicide attempt, suicidal ideation, depression, substance abuse, rapid change in behaviour such as psychosis etc. There is a team of medical experts available (Doctors, Nurses, Psychologists, Social workers etc.).

Question 31

Medium-Term Units

Answer 31

provide full-time care for several weeks. The main purpose is to watch over patients while drugs take their affect and to continue with a treatment plan.

Question 32

Long Term Care Facilities

Answer 32

Some patients may require long term care if they are a danger to themselves or others. They may need someone to ensure that they take their medications daily. Sometimes patients are admitted to a long term care facility after committing a crime in combination with having a psychiatric disorder.

Question 33

Outpatient/Day Treatment Facilities

Answer 33

Patients can still live at home but have access to specific treatments such as psychologists, medical professionals, medication management, group therapy (possibly fitness, nutrition, meditation, yoga instruction etc.). The patient must be stable to enter this type of program. Sometimes people only need outpatient care and others might enter an outpatient program after being in an inpatient program.

Question 34

Open Units

Answer 34

Less secure psychiatric units to make life as normal as possible for patients while continuing treatment

Question 35

Juvenile Wards

Answer 35

Sections set aside for children/adolescents (under 18)

Question 36

Halfway Houses

Answer 36

Community-based house. Provide assisted living for patients for an extended period of time. Staff is available to assist the patient but their might be specific requirements such as curfew, supervision of medications etc.