Unit 1

Question 1

the body’s dynamic maintenance of optimal physical condition

Answer 1

homeostasis

Question 2

does homeostasis equal equilibrium?

Answer 2

no

Question 3

what does the simple homeostasis loop consist of?

Answer 3

sensors, integrating center, effectors, controlled variable

Question 4

DNA transcribes to mRNA, proteins to cytosol, nucleolus synthesizes ribosomes here

Answer 4

nucleus

Question 5

ATP synthesis site, contains Krebs Cycle & electron transport chain enzymes

Answer 5

mitochondria

Question 6

mRNA translation occurs here

Answer 6

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 7

anabolism & catabolism, calcium storage site

Answer 7

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

finishing school for proteins

Answer 8

golgi apparatus

Question 9

lots of cell traffic

Answer 9

leaky cell junction

Question 10

very little cell traffic

Answer 10

tight cell junction

Question 11

allows the spread of action potential from one cell to another

Answer 11

gap cell junction

Question 12

strength; cell to cell adhesion

Answer 12

adherens cell junction

Question 13

stores chemical energy in covalent bonds
-monosaccharides (glucose)
-disaccharides (sucrose)
-polysaccharides (glycogen & starch)

Answer 13

carbohydrates

Question 14

non-polar & hydrophobic
-triglycerides
-steroids
-cholesterol
-phospholipids

Answer 14

lipids (fats)

Question 15

DNA, RNA; code for proteins

Answer 15

nucleic acids

Question 16

amino acids joined by covalent bonds

Answer 16

proteins

Question 17

atoms or molecules with net electric charges

Answer 17

ion

Question 18

atoms share electrons

Answer 18

covalent bonds

Question 19

weak attraction between hydrogen atom & nearby nitrogen, oxygen, or flourine atom

Answer 19

hydrogen bonds

Question 20

charged ions, have lost/gained an electron

Answer 20

ionic bonds

Question 21

weak, non-specific attraction of one atom & electrons of another

Answer 21

van der waals forces

Question 22

low pH, higher concentration of hydrogen ions, lower concentration of hydroxide ions

Answer 22

acidic

Question 23

high pH, low hydrogen concentration, high hydroxide concentration

Answer 23

alkaline

Question 24

diffusion of h2o across a selectively permeable membrane

Answer 24

osmosis

Question 25

h2o moves from ____ to ____ water concentration

Answer 25

high to low

Question 26

h2o moves from ____ to ____ solute concentration

Answer 26

low to high

Question 27

DNA is converted to mRNA by _______

Answer 27

transcription

Question 28

mRNA is converted to proteins by ____

Answer 28

translation

Question 29

inside the cell

Answer 29

intracellular fluid/cytosol

Question 30

space between the cells

Answer 30

interstitial fluid

Question 31

fluid in blood vessels

Answer 31

plasma

Question 32

molecules are built up

Answer 32

anabolic

Question 33

molecules are broken down

Answer 33

catabolic

Question 34

slow process, high ATP; most cells get ATP like this, need oxygen

Answer 34

oxidative phosphorylation (OP)

Question 35

fast process, low ATP; most cells don’t make it

Answer 35

substrate phosphorylation (SP)

Question 36

molecule moves with gradient (diffusion)

Answer 36

simple and facilitated diffusion

Question 37

molecule moves against gradient (requires ATP)

Answer 37

primary active transport; secondary active transport

Question 38

moves solutes against their gradient & transport protein directly hydrolyzes the ATP

Answer 38

primary active transport

Question 39

uses energy from ion gradient (Na+) to move 2nd solute against its gradient, transporter does NOT directly hydrolyze ATP

Answer 39

secondary active transport

Question 40

large scaled movement of molecules by “engulfing” them by endocytosis, moving them across the cell & releasing them by exocytosis

Answer 40

transcytosis