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Civics 1 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

key concepts and documents

1
Q

What is Power?

A

Exercised will over others?

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2
Q

What is Authority?

A

Accepted power

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3
Q

Monarchy

A

Rule of one; government run by a monarch (royalty), family lineage

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4
Q

Tyranny

A

Rule of one who seized power

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5
Q

Democracy

A

Rule of many (citizens/people)

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6
Q

Republic/Representative Democracy

A

Republic/Representative Democracy: The people elect representatives or officials to make decisions on behalf of the population

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7
Q

Direct Democracy

A

policies and laws made by majority of citizens, not elected officials.

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8
Q

Oligarchy

A

rule of few; run by a small, elite group who rose to power because of military or economic mean$.

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9
Q

Theocracy

A

rule of divine

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10
Q

DIctatorship

A

The power over government and people held by a single person, who likely obtained power by force.

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11
Q

Social Contract

A

Sacrificing personal freedoms on behalf of community good.

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12
Q

Liberty

A

rights and freedoms of individuals

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13
Q

Enlightenment Period

A

17th century movement focused on reason, thinking, and the separation of church and state.

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14
Q

Rousseau

A

Social Contract, collective will, inspired Thomas Jefferson with the idea of conventions

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15
Q

Locke

A

Natural Law and Rights: government operates for the governed. People are generally good, we need ro protect life, liberty and land

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16
Q

Hobbes

A

State of Nature - submit to a large and strong government (Leviathan). People are bad and need a strong gov’t.

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17
Q

Government

A

How a society organizes itself and allocates authority to accomplish collective goals that benefits the society. List 5 types of gov’t.

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18
Q

Politics

A

process of who gets what and how through government

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19
Q

Legislative Branch: _____________ the law
Executive Branch: ______________ the law
Judicial Branch: ________________ the law

A

Legislative Branch: creates the law
Executive Branch: Enforces the law
Judicial Branch: Interprets the law

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20
Q

Name the 3 branches and uses of gov’t

A

Legislative Branch: creates the law
Executive Branch: Enforces the law
Judicial Branch: Interprets the law

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21
Q

Congress = _________ + __________

A

Congress: Senate + House of Representatives

22
Q

Government Office known as the “upper house” with a 6 year term. Responsible for approving treaties, Supreme Court nominees and passing legislation. Only 2 in each state.

A

Senate

23
Q

Government Office known as the “lower house” with 2 year term. Responsible for creating legislation regarding taxes. The amount of persons in this role is determined by the population of the state

A

House of Representatives

24
Q

Federalism

A

Federalism: the division and sharing of governments between national and state governments. National and subnational

25
Q

Unicameral

A

single legislative chamber

26
Q

Bicameral

A

2 part legislative chamber

27
Q

Parliament

A

UK Legislative Branch (sovereign power). Bicameral: House of Lords and elected House of Commons

28
Q

Colonists

A

Colonizer; person who claims new land/region

29
Q

Constitution

A

establishes government and how it works

30
Q

Revolution

A

Revolution: overthrow a government or order for a new system.

31
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

This was a document informing the King of England that the colonists were going to form their own country.

natural rights - John Locke
Government gets it power from the consent of the governed- Rousseau

“Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”

“We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal”

32
Q

US Constitution

A

The document that established the US Government

“We the people”

33
Q

Magna Carta

A
  1. No freemen shall be taken or imprisoned or disseised or exiled or in any way destroyed, nor will we go upon him nor send upon him, except by the lawful judgment of his peers or by the law of the land.
  2. To no one will we sell, to no one will we refuse or delay, right or justice.

Establishes that no human is above the law

Written by King John of England in 1215

34
Q

English Bill of Rights

A

That levying money [raising taxes] for or to the use of the Crown [monarchy] by pretence of prerogative, without grant of Parliament…is illegal;

That the raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of Parliament, is against law;

That the subjects which are Protestants may have arms for their defence suitable to their conditions and as allowed by law;

The principles of the English Bill of Rights served as a foundational fr

Written in 1688

35
Q

Mayflower Compact

A

IN THE NAME OF GOD, AMEN. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord King James, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, &c. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the Honour
of our King and Country, a Voyage to plant the first Colony in the northern Parts of Virginia; Do by these Presents, solemnly and mutually, in the Presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends
aforesaid: And by Virtue hereof do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Officers, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general Good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due Submission and Obedience.

Mayflower Compact, document signed on the English ship Mayflower on Nove

Written in 1620

36
Q

Coercive/Intolerable Acts

A

A series of four laws passed by the British Parliament to punish the colony of Massachusetts Bay for the Boston Tea Party.

Includes the Quartering Act-an act of the British Parliament that requir

37
Q

Townshend Act

A

The Townshend Acts were a series of laws passed by the British Parliament in 1767 that taxed goods imported to the American colonies.

The Acts were named after Charles Townshend, the Chancellor of the Exche

38
Q

Stamp Act

A

The Stamp Act was a law passed by the British Parliament in 1765 that required American colonists to pay a tax on legal documents and other paper goods

39
Q

The Seven Years’ War

A

A global conflict involving most of the European great powers, fought primarily in Europe and the Americas.

(1756–1763)

40
Q

Ratify

A

To sign, give formal agreement to, make official

41
Q

Sovereign

A

power and authority to rule itself

Sovereignty: power assigned to the person, body or institution that has

42
Q

Confederation

A

The 13 Colonies during the Articles of Confederation

Confederation: self-governing states
Articles of Confederation: First co

43
Q

Daniel Shay

A

Shay’s Rebellion, an uprising of Revolutionary War veterans in Massachusetts that both the state and national governments struggled to address due to a lack of centralized military power, illustrated the need to create a stronger governing system.

44
Q

Constitutional Convention

A

4 month debate in Philadelphia to recreate the Government of the US.

45
Q

Delegate

A

elected representative

46
Q

Compromise

A

“meet in the middle” of two arguments, conceding something in order to move together.

47
Q

Constitution Design

A

Article I: Legislative Branch
Article II: Executive Branch
Article III: Judicial Branch
Articled IV: States, citizenship, new states.
Article V: Amendment process
Article VI: Debts, supremacy, oaths, religious texts
Article 7: Ratification Process

48
Q

The Great Compromise

A

Combined two plans, *Virginia and *-NJ Plan to create a Bicameral Legislature: 2 appointed senators per state, proportional number of representatives for each state.

*-New Jersey Plan: more “equality” one vote to each of the states, unim

49
Q

Federalists

Wrote this collection of papers

A

Belief in a central government

John Jay, James Madison and Alexander Hamilton and wrote the Federalist

50
Q

Anti-Federalists

A

Belief that the government should be small, state level and citizens should have more civil liberties

51
Q

Bill of Rights

A

First 10 Amendments to the US Constitution
helped secure ratification with approval from Virgina and New York
addressed concerns about individual liberties and government overreach.

Proposed in 1789 and ratified in 1791.

Civics 1 (3 decks)

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