unit 1 Flashcards
An object is –––– if it is further from the center of the body.
Distal
An object is —– if is closer to the center of the body.
Proximal
An object is ——- if it is closer to the middle of the body.
Medial
An object is —– if it is closer to the side of the body.
Lateral
Refers to the front of the body.
Anterior
Refers to the back of the body.
Posterior
An object is —– if it is closer to the head.
Superior
An object is —– if it is further from the head.
Inferior
Located underneath muscles
Deep
Located above another muscles
Superficial
A plane that separates the body from left to right.
Sagittal Plane
A plane that separates the body from front to back.
Frontal Plane
A plane that separates the body from top to bottom.
Transverse Plane
——– divide into equal halves.
Cardinal Plane
This plane occurs in an oblique axis; a combination of more than one plane.
Diagonal Planes
—- bones in adult skeleton.
206 bones
—- bones in the axial skeleton
80 bones
—- bones in the appendicular skeleton.
126 bones
Name the 5 major functions in the skeletal system.
Support to maintain posture, protection of soft tissues, a good sight for mineral storage, the sight of blood cell production, and attachment points for muscles.
What does Wolff”s law state?
The size and shape of a particular bone are influenced by the direction and magnitude of forces that are applied to the bone.
What are Bone Markings?
Enhance the relationship between bones that re involved in the joint and serve as land marks.
What are the 3 types of joints?
Synarthrodial, Amphiarthrodial, and Diarthrodial.
What is a joint?
Point of contact of two or more bones.
Bone markings are divided into 2 main areas. What are they?
Processes and Cavities
Joints that allow no movement.
Synarthrodial
Joints that allow a very small amount of movement.
Amphiarthorodial
Joints that are freely moveable.
Diarthrodial
What are Synovial joints?
Designed for movement
Characteristics of a Synovial Joint.
Articular cartilage is surrounded by the ends of bones, surrounded by a joint capsule that contains a synovial membrane creating synovial fluid, synovial fluid fills the joint cavity and helps lubricate the joints, the joint capsule also forms ligaments which prevents the joint from abnormal movement and some have additional fibrocartilage disks structures.
What are Diarthrodial Joints?
Motion is possible in one or more planes and degrees of freedom of motion.
Describe a diarthrodial joint that has one degree of freedom of motion. Starts with H.
Hinge, Uniaxial, and flexion and extension.
Describe a diarthrodial joint that has one degree of freedom of motion. Starts with P.
Pivot, Uniaxial, and internal and external rotation.
Describe a diarthrodial joint that has two degrees of freedom of motion.
Condyloid, Biaxial, Flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction.
Describe a diarthrodial joint that has three degrees of freedom of motion. Starts with an S.
Saddle, Multiaxial, flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, internal and external rotation, and circumduction .
Describe a diarthrodial joint that has three degrees of freedom of motion. Starts with B.
Ball-and-socket, Multiaxial, flexion, extension, diagonal abduction, diagonal adduction, internal and external rotation, and circumduction.
Describe a diarthrodial joint that has three degrees of freedom of motion. Starts with P.
Plane, Multiaxial, flexion, extension, diagonal abduction, diagonal adduction, internal and external rotation, and circumduction.
Generally, there is an —– relationship between the stability and mobility of a joint.
inverse
Variation between joints and between individuals due to —- and ——.
heredity and development
State Davis’s Law
If joints are stretched, then the soft tissues will also lengthen which results in an increased range of motion.
Five major factors of the total stability and mobility of a joint.
Static stability: Bones, Cartilage, and Ligaments and connective tissues.
Dynamic stability: Muscles and proprioception and motor control.
What movements are in the frontal plane?
Abduction (movement away from the body) and Adduction (movement towards the body)
What movements are in the sagittal plane?
Flexion (movement towards the anterior) and Extension (movement towards the posterior)
What movements are in the transverse plane?
Rotation (external and internal rotation)
—– pairs of skeletal muscles
215
What is the aggregate muscle action?
Muscles work together in groups to achieve a given joint motion.
What are 4 things the muscles do?
Protect, Dynamic/static stability, Posture, and produce heat.
Muscles are based on:
Visual appearance, location, and their functions.
When naming muscles on their appearance, what is considered?
Based on its shape, size (Maximus, Minor, Longus, Brevis), number of divisions
Explain the oblique direction of fibers.
They are arranged in a diagonal fashion.