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Chemistry 1-2 > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is matter?

A

Every thing in the universe that has mass and volume

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2
Q

What is mass?

A

How many atoms something has

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3
Q

What is volume?

A

The amount of space something takes up

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4
Q

What is the displacement method?

A

A method used to find the volume of irregular objects. The object is placed into a container of water, and the difference between the initial water and final measurement is its volume.

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5
Q

What is a pure substance?

A

Matter that has a uniform composition that doesn’t change (ex. Silver, salt).

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6
Q

What are not pure substances?

A

Salt water, aspirin

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7
Q

What is a mixture?

A

A physical combination of at least 2 substances in any proportion (ex. Lemonade, salt water, salad).

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8
Q

What is a homogeneous mixture?

A

A mixture with the same composition/proportion throughout (ex. Lemonade, saltwater).

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9
Q

What is a heterogeneous mixture?

A

A mixture that varies in composition (ex. Black nugget rocks).

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10
Q

Can mixtures be separated into their different components?

A

Yes

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11
Q

What is a solution?

A

A homogeneous mixture with tiny particles.

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12
Q

What is a colloid?

A

A homogeneous mixture with medium particles

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13
Q

What is a suspension?

A

A heterogeneous mixture with large particles

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14
Q

What is chromatography?

A

A method of separating a mixture by using a solvent/water to take apart mixtures on a surface (based on molecular mass).

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15
Q

What is evaporation?

A

A method to separate a mixture by evaporating it.

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16
Q

What is filtration?

A

Separating a mixture by filtering it (based on size).

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17
Q

What is distillation?

A

A method to separate 2 pure liquids/substances based on different boiling points.

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18
Q

What is an element?

A

The simplest form of matter, a pure substance that has its own properties and can’t be broken down into other substances

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19
Q

What is a compound?

A

A substance with two or more elements that are chemically combined in a set proportion (ex. Methane, water).

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20
Q

Compound vs. Elements

A

Both can’t be physically broken down into simpler substances. Compounds can be broken down chemically.

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21
Q

What is a chemical formula?

A

Expression showing elements in a compound and their relative proportion.

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22
Q

What direction does the arrow/yield symbol point?

A

From the reactants to the products

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23
Q

What symbol does 🔺️ represent in a chemical equation?

A

It represents the reaction should be heated, placed above or below the arrow.

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24
Q

What is a physical property?

A

The quality of a substance that can be observed/measured without changing its identity/composition.

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25
Q

Physical property examples?

A

Color, hardness, density, length, volume, mass, elasticity, luster

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26
Q

What is an EXtensive property?

A

A property that depends on HOW MUCH matter is in a sample (ex. Volume, mass, calories)

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27
Q

What is an INtensive property?

A

A property that depends on the TYPE of matter of a substance, not how much (ex. Color, temperature, luster, hardness, boiling point)

*something that won’t change if more is added

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28
Q

Describe a solid

A

A state of matter with definite shape and volume and particles that are vibrating/close together, difficult to compress, barely expands when heating

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29
Q

Describe a liquid

A

A state of matter with no shape and definite volume, flowing particles, difficult to compress, barely expands when heated

30
Q

Describe a gas

A

A state of matter with no shape or volume, far apart particles, easily compressed, expands a lot when heated

31
Q

What is a chemical property?

A

A substances ability to go through a specific chemical change (can only be changed by changing the composition of the materials).

32
Q

Chemical property examples?

A

Flammability, reactivity, chemical stability

33
Q

Chemical properties vs. Physical properties

A

Chemical properties can only be seen while the substance changes into something else, unlike physical properties.

*if the composition changes, it’s chemical

34
Q

What is a physical change?

A

When matter changes and some of it’s properties change but its identity stays the same (ex. gallium spoon melting).

35
Q

What is a reversible physical change?

A

A change where the stuff/identity stays the same.

Ex. Changes of states of matter, dissolving

36
Q

What is an irreversible physical change?

A

A change you can’t go back on.

Ex. fire wood, cutting hair, cutting grass

37
Q

When it’s physical vs. chemical…

A

did it change into something else?

38
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

A process where substances change into different substances.

39
Q

In a chemical reaction, do the atoms change?

A

No (they just rearrange)

40
Q

What is a combination reaction?

A

A+B -> C

41
Q

What is a decomposition reaction?

A

AB -> A + B

42
Q

What is a single replacement reaction?

A

A + BC -> B + AC

43
Q

What is a double replacement reaction?

A

AB + CD -> AD + CB

44
Q

What is a combustion reaction?

A

fuel + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water (heat involved)

45
Q

What is an EXOthermic reaction?

A

Releases energy into the environment when new bonds form, heat, light, hot

46
Q

What is an ENDOthermic reaction?

A

Absorbs energy from the environment when bonds in reactants are broken, cold

47
Q

What does the Law of Conservation of Mass state?

A

In any reaction or chemical change, mass is not produced nor destroyed.

48
Q

What are the 5 Clues of a chemical reaction?

A

color change, gas production, precipitate (solid) forms, transfer of energy/temp. change, odor produced

49
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

A solid product made after 2 solutions are mixed

50
Q

What are the 5 SI Base Units?

A

meter (m), kilogram (kg), Kelvin (K), Second (s), Mole (mol)

51
Q

What are the unit conversions?

A

King Henry Died Unusually Drinking Chocolate Milk = Kilo Hecto Deka Unit Deci Centi Milli

52
Q

What is temperature a measure of?

A

the average of kinetic energy in a sample of matter (hot/cold)

53
Q

What is the density formula?

A

d= m/v

density= mass/volume

*density broke my heart! </3

54
Q

What is the density of water?

A

1.0 g/mL

55
Q

How does something float?

A

If its density is less than water (1)

56
Q

How does something sink?

A

If its density is more than water (1)

57
Q

When temperature increases, density…

A

decreases (bc volume goes up)

exception: water!

58
Q

What is accuracy?

A

Measures how close a measurement is to its accepted value measurement

59
Q

What is precision?

A

Measures how close many measurements are to each other

60
Q

What’s more important, accuracy or precision?

A

BOTH are important

61
Q

Accepted value vs. Experimental value

A

Accepted: one measurement people agree on (with reliable references)

Experimental: what one lab measures (not multiple over time)

62
Q

What is the formula for calculating % error?

A

% Error = (|experimental value - accepted value| / accepted value) x 100%

63
Q

Why is scientific notation useful?

A

It’s good to express very big or very small numbers

64
Q

Scientific notation format?

A

coefficient x 10^x

65
Q

What is a significant figure?

A

In a measurement, sig figs are all the CERTAIN digits and one estimate/uncertain digit

66
Q

All the digits in a measurement that aren’t zero– significant or not?

A

Significant

67
Q

Zeros between non-zero measurements– significant or not?

A

Significant

68
Q

Left-most zeros (in front of all non-zero digits)– significant or not?

A

Not Significant

69
Q

Right-end zeros in a number without a decimal– significant or not?

A

Not significant

70
Q

Right-end zeros in a number with a decimal point– significant or not?

A

Significant

71
Q

Counting something or exactly defined quantities (ex. conversion factors)– significant or not?

A

INFINITE significant figures

72
Q
A

Chemistry 1-2 (2 decks)

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