Unit 1

Question 1

Define ethics

Answer 1

These are a set of norms guiding human conduct.
It can be described as a branch of philosophy which deals with morality and distinguishes between right and wrong.

Question 2

Define Morality

Answer 2

It is an act of norms or standards that define,guide and regulate acceptable behavior among human beings living together in society.

Question 3

What are the major sources of morality or morals?

Answer 3

•religious ethics
•societal ethics
•personal sources (human reasoning and human conscience)

Question 4

What are the sources of morals of an individual?

Answer 4

•culture
•religion
•socialisation
•personal experiences
•institutions
•level of exposure

Question 5

What is meant by morality is relative?

Answer 5

It means that what maybe considered morally wrong by others may be considered morally right by others.
For example some countries allow same sex marriages.
And for example dress code in different areas

Question 6

List the importance of morality.

Answer 6

•for decision making.
•getting to know other peoples rights.
•guides you,enhances professionalism also standardizes your operation.
•helps people can trust in you.

Question 7

Define a moral dilemma

Answer 7

This is when one option jeopardizes the other.
In this situation both options have benefits and consequences.

Question 8

List the five stages of resolving a moral dilemma.

Answer 8

1.Know your options.
2.Considering consequences and benefits of the options.
3.Analyse actions based on personal principles.
4.Make a decision.
5.Evaluate the system.

Question 9

What is an emergency?

Answer 9

An emergency is an unplanned event that has potential to cause harm to human life and property and goes beyond the coping capability of the affected and requires external intervention.

Question 10

List the four main internationally recognized stages of the emergency cycle.

Answer 10

Response—->Prevention —–> Mitigation ——>Preparedness

Question 11

List the 8 ethical principles in general research.

Answer 11

1.Principle of informed consent.
2.Principle of confidentiality.
3.Principle of the right to privacy.
4.Principle of non-guarantee.
5.Principle of anonymity.
6.Principle of protection from harm.
7.Principle of value neutrality.
8.Principle of volunteerism.

Question 12

Briefly describe the principle of informed consent.

Answer 12

Entails that the respondent in research ought to be informed of what the research is all about and any possible harms and risks involved.

Question 13

Define a respondent

Answer 13

A respondent is one who generates primary or first hand information required by the researcher.

Question 14

Briefly describe the principle of confidentiality.

Answer 14

States that the researcher keeps sensitive information about the research respondent as confidential as possible.

Question 15

Briefly describe the principle of the right to privacy.

Answer 15

States that should the respondent not feel comfortable with certain questions for instance,they are not obliged to respond.

Question 16

Briefly describe the principle of non-guarantee.

Answer 16

States that a researcher cannot promise anything to the respondent in exchange for information.

Question 17

Briefly describe the principle of anonymity.

Answer 17

States that personal information of respondent should be avoided as much as possible unless where inevitable.

Question 18

Briefly describe the principle of protection from harm.

Answer 18

States that researcher protects their respondent from all forms of harm.

Question 19

Briefly describe the principle of value neutrality

Answer 19

This entails that the researcher should not allow his values to influence the responses of the respondents neither should the values of respondents influence the interpretation of findings.

Question 20

Briefly describe the principle of volunteerism

Answer 20

This entails that respondents should be allowed to voluntarily be part of research endeavors and never be forced

Question 21

Briefly describe response as a stage in the emergency cycle

Answer 21

These are usually measures taken immediately prior to and following an emergency situation.
Such measures often are directed towards saving life and protecting property as well as deal with immediate disruption,damage and other effects caused by the disaster.

Question 22

Briefly describe prevention as a stage in the emergency cycle.

Answer 22

These are actions designed to impede the occurrence of an emergence or disaster event.

Question 23

Briefly describe mitigation as a stage of the emergency cycle.

Answer 23

These are measures meant to deal with persistent effects of a disaster.

Question 24

Briefly describe preparedness as a stage of the emergency cycle.

Answer 24

These are measures that ensure that you put in place required resources for effective response.

Question 25

List the ethical codes of conduct in emergencies.

Answer 25

1.The Humanitarian Imperative Comes First.
2.Aid being given regardless of race,creed, nationality.
3.Endevouring not to act as instruments of government foreign policy.
4.Respect for culture and custom.
5.Building disaster response on local capacities.
6.Involvement of program beneficiaries in the management of relief aid.
7.Vulnerability reduction through relief aid and meeting basic needs.
8.Accountability to beneficiaries and resource providers.
9.Recognition of disaster victims as dignified victims not hopeless objects.
(through information,publicity and advertisement)