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Unit 1 AOS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 6 functions of language (Jacobson)

A

Phonology
morphology
lexicology
syntax
semantics
discourse

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2
Q

Phonology

A

The study of the sound of speech

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3
Q

Morphology

A

The study of morphemes, how words are structured and formed

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4
Q

Lexicology

A

the study of word classification

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5
Q

Syntax

A

the study of how words are arranged in a sentence

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6
Q

Semantics

A

the study of meaning in the language

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7
Q

Discourse

A

The overall conversation

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8
Q

what are the sentence types

A

declarative
interrogative
imperative
exclamative

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9
Q

declarative

A

gives information

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10
Q

interrogative

A

ask a question

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11
Q

imperative

A

gives an order

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12
Q

exclamative

A

expresses emotion

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13
Q

sentence structures

A

simple
complex
compound
compound-complex

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14
Q

simple

A

contains a single clause

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15
Q

complex

A

one independent clauses and at least one dependent clause

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16
Q

compound

A

two or more independent clauses that joined together

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17
Q

complex-compound

A

two independent clauses that have to be joined by a coordinator and at least one dependent clause that’s been joined by a subordinate at least three clauses

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18
Q

what are the prosodic fearures

A

pitch
intonation
stress
tempo
volume

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19
Q

pitch

A

ranging between high and low auditory sounds

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20
Q

intonation

A

refers to the change in pitch (patterns)

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21
Q

stress

A

intensity that is placed upon a syllable within a word

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22
Q

tempo

A

relates to the pace (speed) in an intonation that delivered

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23
Q

volume

A

the increase or decreases in decibles

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24
Q

what is meta-language

A

language that describes language

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25
what is IPA
international phonetic Alphabet
26
What are paralinguistic features
speech features that can only occur in person
27
what are phonemes
how speech sounds
28
what is phonetics
the study of classifications of phonemes (speech sounds)
29
what is etymology
the study of word origins
30
what is a morpheme
smallest meaningful unit of langauge
31
what is a free morpheme
morpheme that makes sense on its own
32
what is a bound morpheme
morpheme that must be bound to make sense (affix)
33
what is a derivational morpheme
changes the meaning of words joy = joyful
34
what is inflectional
changes the grammar of the word clean = cleaned
35
open class words
Content words - verbs, nouns, adjective, adverbs
36
closed class words
Function words - Prepositions, pronouns, Auxiliary & model verbs, conjunctions, determiners
37
Phrase
Two or more words that do not contain the subject and verb
38
Clause
Group of related words, containing a subject that tells readers what the sentence is about and a verb that describes what the subject is doing
39
semantic field
a group of words related in meaning Colour; red, yellow, orange
40
connotation
The social meaning
41
Denotation
Dictionary meaning
42
What is a superlative?
adjective that is either best or worst
43
What is cultural context
aspects of context that relate to the culture the speaker is from, such as attitudes, values and beliefs
44
What is situational context?
everything outside of text that influences language used, such as field, tenor, language mode, setting and text type
45
What is setting?
where the text occurs in relation to space and time
46
What is text-type?
nature of text (eg, article, speech)
47
What is authorial intent?
the message/outcome the author intends to convey with the text
48
What is register?
when addressor intentionally alters language to better suit situation (lawyer in court would have a legal register)
49
What is tenor?
relationship between the individual and speaker
50
What is audience?
intended listeners/readers
51
What is social distance?
level of relationship between individual and speaker
52
What are Jakobson’s 6 functions of language?
referential emotive poetic conative phatic metalinguistic
53
What is referential function?
the sharing of information
54
What is emotive function?
the expression of emotions and desires
55
What is poetic function?
the aesthetic composition of language, such as poetry
56
What is conative function?
involves directions, questions and commands
57
What is phatic function?
polite, often meaningless speech (only done to maintain social connections
58
What is metalinguistic function?
talk about language
59
What are the 8 parts of speech?
noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, determiner
60
What is a noun?
person, place or thing
61
What is a pronoun?
a word that replaces a noun to avoid repeating noun
62
What is a verb?
doing word
63
What is an adjective?
describing word
64
What is an adverb?
word used to modify/describe verbs, adjectives and other adverbs
65
What is a preposition?
word that express spatial relationship between noun and other element
66
What is a conjunction?
linking word/phrase that joins two clauses
67
What is a determiner?
a word put in front of a noun to clarify specificity or definiteness (a, an, the)
68
What is a signifier?
the word
69
What is a signified?
what the word represents
70
What is the addresse?
person listening/reading
71
What is the addresser?
person speaking/author
72
What is a euphemism?
a mild or soft word that replaces a harsh/blunt word
73
What is a main/independent clause?
A clause that can stand on its own
74
What is a dependent/subordinate clause?
clause that doesn’t make sense without an independent clause
75
What is a subject?
main focus of a sentence, subject noun (often replaced by pronoun)
76
what is a predicate?
the verb and everything after
77
what are content words?
a word that contributes to meaning
78
What are function words?
a word that contributes to grammar or function
79
What is figurative language?
the use of non-literal phrases to add meaning
80
What is preparedness?
amount of preparation in the texts construction
81
Lexicon
complete set of meaningful vocabulary/language specific to a subject
82
modal auxiliary
helping be verb, supports the verb
83
Superlative
adjective that is either best or worst
84
Root word
a unit which can be left bare or to which a prefix or a suffix can attach

English language (4 decks)

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