Unit 1 Flashcards
How do we create maps?
- Visualization
- Satellite Navigation Systems
Visualization
Visual representation of data
Satellite Navigation Systems
Satellites that take pictures of Earth to recreate it through remote sensing
GPS (Global Positioning System)
Shows us where specifically we are on Earth
think of putting an address into google maps to get there and it shows you where you are, on the way (your pinpoint)
Geotagging
storing information based on a location
think of taking a picture on your phone of an area in Conneticut and traveling back to New York. Your phone will say that, that photo was captured in Conneticut, provide longitude and latitude altitudes, etc
GIS (Geographic Information System)
captures pictures of parts or whole of Earth and places it on a map
-information is stored in layers and can be added on top of each other.
Pattern
Any kind of pattern that cartographers look for to map.
Online mapping
open platform forums where people can add information
when searching up a place and it provides with an area that allows you to add information (hours, pictures of the place, ratings, etc
Toponym
the name of something on Earth
Absolute location
where a place or area is specifically located
Relative location
information about where a location is
street corner, across the street from, near…
Site
physical characteristics of a location
hills, deserts, mountains, rivers, etc
Situation
location of something relative to other locations
-in other words, bringing up one location to talk about another
the supermarket across the street from Taft
Space
the distance between 2 places
Distance Decay
as you get farther apart, the less of a connection they have
-in other words, the strength of a relationship decreases as the separation increases (people, places, systems, etc)
Connection
the relationship between 2 places
Time-Space Compression
how long it takes to get somewhere
rush hour, planes, buses, walking, biking, etc can all be a factor of this
Flows
movement(s)
Choropleth
A map that uses shading in order to show data
Dot map
A map that uses dots to show data
-the more dots there are, the more frequent activity there is
Graduated symbol map
a map that uses symbols to represent data
- a symbol gets larger to represent data
isoline map
maps that are drawn to show data points of the same value
- in simpler words, maps that use lines that are drawn
Cartogram map
size of the map changes based on the information
-part of the map gets bigger or smaller depending on the amount of information.
Time zones
in order to maximize daylight hours, each place on Earth has its own time
-in simpler words, a geographic region where the same standard time is used
Greenwich Time
the midpoint where all the other clocks are based off of
International Date Line
the change of date
Projection
the act of taking Earth (a sphere) and creating a flat map
-things such as shape, distance, relative size, and direction are changed.
Mercator projection
- longitude and latitude in a grid
-advantages: shows the correct shape of continents
-disadvantages: makes the poles bigger than they are
Peters Projection
-advantages: accurately shows less developed countries
-disadvantages: countries are distorted
Robinson Projection
-advantages: compromise with many other projections
-disadvantages: edges are distorted
Polar Projection
-advantages: everything is proportional
-disadvantages: countries are distorted
Regionalization
the process geographers use to divide and categorize space into smaller areal units
the same way a writer divides a book into chapters and then names them
Three types of regions
Formal, Functionals, Vernacular/perceptual
Formal Regions
a region united by one or more traits
-physical, cultural, economic
Functional Regions
regions organized around a focal point and are defined by an activity that occurs across the region
-often united by communication/transportation that is centered around a node.
think uber deliveries having limits to how far they can deliver food to
*region: pizza delivery area; Node: pizza shop
Perceptual/Vernacular Regions
regions that are defined by casual sense of place that attribute to them or where they were raised
-the exact boundaries depend upon the person who is defining them
think of class example with Tully, Prock, Sarno
Resource
a substance in an environment
2 kinds of resources
renewable: produced in nature naturally and rapidly
nonrenewable: rarely reproduced in nature
Sustainability
using Earth’s resources and materials to a limit so that there will still be enough available for future use.
- can only be achieved by bringing together [3 pillars] environmental protection, social equity, and economic growth.
- Environment
conservation: sustainability using earth’s natural resources
preservation: keep as little human contact as possible
- Social Equity
- consumer choice
- recycled clothes vs. new fabric
- Economic Growth
- people should buy things that are much cheaper. If the prices of resources that are bad for the environment increase, people wll use them less.
Environmental Determinism
the environment takes full control of people’s patters
Possibilism
the environment partly affects how a culture is developing
Diffusion
something that spreads from place to place
Hearth
the [origin]al location
Relocation Diffusion
the idea spreads by the movement of people
the colombian exchange
-people bring the new object with them (culture, language, religion, ethnicities)
Expansion Diffusion
diffusion through a snowball effect
relocation= the person moves the idea
expansion= moves on its own
Different kinds of expansion diffusion
- Hierarchical
-Contagious
-Stimulus
Hierarchical Expansion
Spreads from a person of power to less important people/places
-political leaders, celebrities, important people, influencers, etc
-Reverse hierarchical expansion
Contagious Diffusion
fast and widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout a population
- does not include hierarchy, everyone is effected
*disease, new music going viral, etc
Stimulus Diffusion
spread of a principal, even if the characteristic doesn’t diffuse
- in other words, the spread of an idea, but changing it
