Unit 1 Flashcards
Understanding construction materials ensures
that structures are built safely and can withstand various stresses over time, preventing failures and accidents.
Quality and Safety
Knowledge of materials helps in selecting the
most cost-effective options without compromising quality, leading to more economically viable construction projects.
Cost-Effectiveness:
Familiarity with different materials allows
engineers to choose more sustainable and environmentally friendly options, contributing to eco-friendly construction practices.
Sustainability
As new materials and technologies emerge, civil engineers need to stay informed to incorporate these advancements into their projects, ensuring modern and efficient construction.
Innovation and Adaptability
The overall success of construction projects
heavily relies on the right choice of materials, affecting durability, functionality, and aesthetics of the built environment.
Project Success
Construction projects need ____________ and understanding of how to use them well. _________, __________, and __________ must know about materials, construction methods, quality control, and maintenance for successful and cost effective outcomes.
good materials, Designers, builders, and users
AASHTO
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials
- are both organizations that set standards for materials used in construction, including highways and transportation infrastructure.
AASHTO and ASTM
primarily focuses on standards related transportation and highway infrastructure
AASHTO
sets standards for a wide range of materials and products used in various industries, including construction.
ASTM
- is degree of excellence.
Quality
It is described by such general terms as stable, durable, rigid or flexible.
Quality
Some equate it to cost, others to conform or elegance. However, quality for different individuals may vary since it is influenced by factors, such as economics, aesthetics, safety, or performance
Quality
- is to regulate.
Control
It is usually used in relation to weight, population, or prices. It
Control
It is instituted when there is need to check or regulate due to some important, compelling reasons
Control
- is checking for conformance to requirements.
Quality Control
It is now widely and increasingly used in the construction industry. It is instituted during the course of construction as a preventive tool, not as a corrective measure. Preventive measures are always more economical.
Quality Control
Purpose of Quality Control in project implementation is to ensure the highest quality of work and extend the service life of any structure by constructing according to the prescribed plans and specifications.
Fact
The _______ indicate the specific type of the structure and the ___________ present the characteristic in which it is built, as well as the materials that are to be incorporated into the work.
plans, specifications
Purpose of Quality Control in project implementation is to check and regulate the use of construction materials and to economize on the cost of construction.
Fact
Fulfilling these, requires _________________ prior to and after placing to their final position in the structure. Normally, every material should be subjected to _______, _______ and _________ before acceptance.
adequate control of materials, testing, inspection and verification
- is degree of certainty.
Assurance
- is a function of the owner to verify/audit and evaluate that the work is done in accordance with specifications. Some call it ____________.
Quality Assurance, acceptance inspection
It is the basic means or a tool by which an engineer or an inspector can be used to determined whether the materials should be allowed to be incorporated or be rejected into the work.
Material Testing
It is a documented proof of the quality of materials indicating it meets or it fails the desired properties as called for in the specifications requirements of an approved contract.
Material Testing
There can be no _____________ without ___________ at the source or manufacturer or at construction,
therefore _______ is a tool for measuring quality control in project implementation.
quality assurance, adequate quality control, testing
Engineers do guess
F (do not)
- is an important complement of quality control in engineering works
Testing
So without testing even in the field or in the laboratory, no one can state definitely if the quality of materials is satisfied or not, even the expert.
T
_________ is not done by sight or other means without the benefit of laboratory tests. If it is done by sight, it is pure and simple guessing.
Material Testing
___________, _____________, and ____________who are involved in the implementation of various infrastructures needs to learn testing technology in construction materials to enhance and strengthen their capabilities in the implementation of _____________ of a project.
Project Engineers, Materials Engineers and Laboratory Technicians,Quality Assurance Program
Benefits that you will get in learning material testing
Recognize the basic technologies in testing of construction materials.
Perform effectively field/laboratory sampling and testing of construction materials in accordance with the standard methods/procedures.
Evaluate, analyze and interpret test results of construction materials for the purpose of acceptance and rejection.
Facts
The ____________ has the prime responsibility to produce/process the products to meet/satisfy the quality requirements in accordance with the Specifications prior to incorporating them into the project.
Contractor
It is imperative that the preparation of the quality plan should be a detailed one, taking into account and shall include the ff.
Site condition; Laboratory Plan in accordance with the Contract; Process of control testing; The schedule of activities to be undertaken/performed; Materials resources and locations, list of materials to be tested and type of tests to be conducted; Frequency of tests, taking into account the project quantity by item; and Laboratory equipment/apparatus and technical staffs to be employed.
jojowain
Los Angeles Abrasion Value (LA)
Quality Test
Sieve analysis
C1
Residual Organic Material
Quality Test
Sieve analysis
C2
Quality of cement
C3
Quality of water
Water sourcing
C4
Slump (Workability)
Production
Strength at 28 days
C5
Check mixing and compaction equipment
Check formworks
Check setting out of the works
Check reinforcement steel
C6
Slump (Workability)
Temperature
Sampling
C7
Strength tests results
Visual aspect of concrete (segregation,etc.)
C8
______________ applies to the written contract documents which includes material and workmanship requirements, inspection and testing procedures and procedures for measurement and payment of work, all of which are mostly based on _________________________________
SPECIFICATIONS, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO),
FUNCTIONS OF SPECIFICATIONS
Obligation to define material and workmanship requirements
With respect to the owner and his engineer
FUNCTIONS OF SPECIFICATIONS
Inspection and testing during the period of execution
With respect to the owner and his engineer
FUNCTIONS OF SPECIFICATIONS
To indicate how work will be measured and paid for
With respect to the owner and his engineer
FUNCTIONS OF SPECIFICATIONS
Obligation of complying with the contract requirements during the construction period
With respect to the contractor
The ____________, however becomes the starting point of quality control. Without specification, there can be no quality control.
SPECIFICATION
- has the primary responsibility of producing a complete, accurate, and cost- efficient building in accordance to the approved set of plans of the project.
Project Engineer
Tasks of the Project-In-Charge/Project Engineer
Planning
Coordination
Project Control
Communication and Documents
Personnel
Responsible for the _________ as instructed by the owner’s Engineer, testing, inspection and submission of quality control reports data.
The Materials Engineer from the Contractor’s Side, sampling
To prepare design mixes for concrete and asphalt mixtures.
The Materials Engineer from the Contractor’s Side
Accomplished, update, and keep the test report records such as materials logbook
The Materials Engineer from the Contractor’s Side
To ensure that the samples are properly cured by standards procedures.
The Materials Engineer from the Contractor’s Side
Recommend on whether the quality of materials to be used in the project is acceptable and pass the requirements of DPWH Standard Specifications for Highways, Bridges, and Airports.
The Materials Engineer from the Contractor’s Side
To ensure that the field tests are adequately equipped so that the progress of work will not be impeded to laboratory testing and non-performance of the test should not be the cause of delay in project implementation.
The Materials Engineer from the Contractor’s Side
Recommend corrective and remedial measures to improve the quality and correct the unsatisfactory condition of materials.
The Materials Engineer from the Contractor’s Side
Recommend corrective and remedial measures to improve the quality and correct the unsatisfactory condition of materials.
The Materials Engineer from the Contractor’s Side
Recommend the acceptance of the completed works as well as advise the Project Engineer on the rejection of the unsatisfactory materials.
The Materials Engineer from the Contractor’s Side
Supervise continuously the Contractor’s technicians/foremen in carrying out specified sampling, testing and reporting works;
The Materials Engineer from the Owner Side
Instruct the Contractor where to take representative samples and ensure frequency of sampling and testing required in the Specifications;
The Materials Engineer from the Owner Side
Ensure that all tests on materials and field operations are correctly recorded by the Contractor’s technicians in daily reports of forms and submitted to the Engineer/the PE without delay;
The Materials Engineer from the Owner Side
Ensure that the Contractor’s technicians submit the results of all tests using the standardized laboratory forms;
The Materials Engineer from the Owner Side
Submit a monthly summary of all test results to the Engineer (PE), together with recommendations regarding approval or rejection of materials and work, based on the test data and observations and
The Materials Engineer from the Owner Side