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World History > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Patricians

A

Rome’s wealthy landowners

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2
Q

Marius

A

Used the army to seize power

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3
Q

Plebeians

A

craftspeople, merchants, small farmers

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4
Q

Twelve Tables

A

Roman’s first code of laws. Applied to only Roman citizens

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5
Q

Law of Nations

A

Natural laws are based on reason. Established justice that applied to all people

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6
Q

Dictator

A

1 ruler during times of crisis, served 6 months

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7
Q

Legions

A

5000 military soldiers

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8
Q

Paterfamilias

A

Father had absolute power, usually fair

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9
Q

Provinces

A

Areas outside of Rome, ruled by a governor

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10
Q

Battle of Actium

A

Octavian defeated Antony and Cleopatra

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11
Q

Julius Caesar

A

Roman dictator; 1st Triumvirate

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12
Q

Theodosius

A

Adopted Christianity as their official religion

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13
Q

Diocletian

A

Split Rome into 4 parts

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14
Q

Tiberius/Gaius Gracchus

A

Urged land reform, helping landless peasants; both assassinated

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15
Q

Pompey

A

Defeated by Caesar; First Triumvirate; Picked by the Senate

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16
Q

Octavian

A

Controlled the East; changed name to Augustus; 2nd Triumvirate

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17
Q

Trajan

A

Empire reached its greatest size

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18
Q

Marcus Aurelius

A

Began to have problems on the frontier

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19
Q

Virgil

A

Told story of an ideal Rome

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20
Q

Livy

A

Wrote a monumental history of Rome that wasn’t accurate

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21
Q

Nero

A

Probably insane; harrassed Christians; killed his mother, wife, and himself

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22
Q

Constantine

A

Became the first Christian emperor

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23
Q

Crassus

A

Killed in battle; First Triumvirate

24
Q

Marc Antony

A

Controlled the West; Julius’s assistant

25
Q

Cleopatra

A

Defeated by Octavian; lover of Caesar and Antony

26
Q

Hadrian

A

Laws protecting women, children, and slaves; built a 74-mile-long wall

27
Q

Commodus

A

Vain, violent emperor began to decline

28
Q

Horace

A

Mocked human weakness

29
Q

Spartacus

A

Led the most famous slave revolt in Italy; 6000 of his men got nailed to the cross; Gladiator

30
Q

Jesus

A

Son of God

31
Q

Latins

A

Leaders and farmers who spoke Latin

32
Q

Etruscans

A

Located north of Rome in Etruria. They found Rome and turned it into a city. Dressed in Toga and a short cloak

33
Q

Republic

A

A form of government in which the leader is not a monarch and certain citizens have the right to vote

34
Q

Pas Romana

A

Roman peace

35
Q

Procurator

A

Run provinces, similar to Governor

36
Q

Pharisees

A

Had the responsibility of protecting the Jewish people from Roman influence

37
Q

New Testament

A

The second division of the Christian bible

38
Q

Clergy

A

The church leaders

39
Q

Laity

A

The regular church members

40
Q

Plague

A

wiped out 1/10th of the population; epidemic disease; stopped trading with other empires

41
Q

Inflation

A

Increase in prices or the increase in the cost of living in a country

42
Q

Latifundias

A

Large estates in provinces worked by slaves (plantations)

43
Q

Imperator

A

Commander in Chief

44
Q

Essay Questions

A
45
Q

Who were the Etruscans and their impact on Rome?

A

The Etruscans were a group of people who helped find Rome and turn it into a city. Many Etruscan kings helped Rome become what it is today. Worked in the higher classes.

46
Q

Who was in the two triumvirates?

A

First Triumvirate: Julius Caesar, Pompey, Cassius
Second Triumvirate: Octavian, Antony, Lepidus

47
Q

What were the various problems that led to the fall of Rome?

A

Christianity began to weaken the Roman army, traditional Roman values declined as non-Italians began to go to the Empire, lead poisoning in the water pipes, plague wiping out 1/10th of the population, Rome failed to advance in their technology because they owned so many slaves, unable to form a stable political system

48
Q

How was Julius Caesar as a dictator? What were the good and bad things about his time in control of Rome?

A

Good:
Made the Senate bigger
helped plebeians gain more land
building projects
citizenship to the people in the provinces
Bad:
Started Civil War
Wasn’t liked by the higher classes
Changed the Roman government from a Republic to a dictatorship

49
Q

Why was the location of Rome significant to its success?

A

Provided access to trade routes on the Mediterranean Sea, natural crossing points from North and South, 7 hills making it easily defendable

50
Q

Was the Roman Republic an example of a democracy? Why or why not?

A

No, because the people vote for the Senate which then makes the decisions

51
Q

How were the Romans similar to the Greeks in the areas of art, literature, architecture, science, and technology?

A

They shared math, science, and literature through poetry

52
Q

What were the outcomes of the Punic Wars and how did it change Rome’s history?

A

Rome gained land and began to expand trade with new countries and new cities that would aid in conflict and invasion-expand slavery operations

53
Q

What did the generals of Rome fo to gain political power?

A

Recruited peasants while promising them land. Army members were loyal to leaders rather than Rome

54
Q

What were the attitudes toward marriage in Rome? Also what changes in women’s roles were achieved?

A

They are similar to present marriages, but women are generally in the house while the man is out at work. Women could attend certain meetings but couldn’t participate in politics

55
Q

What were the living conditions like in Rome once it reached its peak?

A

Overcrowded. Poor people would live in 6-story houses. Smell problems, the rich lived in villas and had many slaves. 1 million people lived there

56
Q

Why did Christianity gain such a following in Rome? What was the result?

A

Jesus spread the word of God. Appealing to the plebeians. It offered them immortality, which their greek Gods didn’t do. It had a lot to offer.

World History (2 decks)

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