unit 1

Question 1

3 plate boundaries

Answer 1

convergent, divergent, transform

Question 2

layers of the earth

Answer 2

lithosphere(crust), asthenosphere, mantle, outer/inner core

Question 3

continental drift

Answer 3

slow movement of continents across earth’s surface

Question 4

Alfred Wegener

Answer 4

hypothesized continental drift and got roasted

Question 5

convection cell

Answer 5

mantle cools, grows more dense and sinks, then heats up and rises, causes plate to move

Question 6

two types of converging plates

Answer 6

uplift: upward pushing makes mountains
subduction: denser plate goes under, makes trench

Question 7

divergent plate boundaries

Answer 7

creates seafloor growth
mid ocean ridge, hydrothermal vents, weaker volcanoes and earthquakes

Question 8

transform plate boundaries

Answer 8

two plates sliding past in opposite directions, makes earthquakes

Question 9

volcanoes

Answer 9

active, dormant, or extinct
release of magma from crust

Question 10

weathering

Answer 10

occurs when rock is exposed to air/water/chemicals

physical and chemical

Question 11

environmental/ecological

Answer 11

environmental=people, ecological=no people

Question 12

soil

Answer 12

forms through weathering of rocks and decomposition of organic material

younger soil has less organic matter

Question 13

things that affect soil: parent material

Answer 13

rock that soil is made of

Question 14

topography

Answer 14

steepness affects erosion/deposition

Question 15

organisms

Answer 15

plants will take nutrients from the soil, animals will bury in it

Question 16

soil degradation

Answer 16

loss of ability to promote plant growth, brought about by human activity

Question 17

time

Answer 17

determines how much organic matter decomposed in it

Question 18

soil horizons

Answer 18

o, a, e, b, c

Question 19

horizon o

Answer 19

o for organic detritus, not soil
humus: most fully decomposed organic matter of o level

Question 20

horizon a

Answer 20

top soil

Question 21

horizon e

Answer 21

e for eluviated,
acids pass through and go to next level

Question 22

horizon b

Answer 22

subsoil, mostly mineral

Question 23

horizon c

Answer 23

similar to parent material

Question 24

silt, clay, sand triangle

Answer 24

mark each percentage and connect the lines

Question 25

cation exchange capacity

Answer 25

nutrient holding ability for soil

Question 26

base saturation

Answer 26

proportion of bases to acids (%)

Question 27

crustal abundance

Answer 27

concentration of element in crust

Question 28

ore

Answer 28

concentration of minerals in earth

Question 29

pore sizes for sand silt and clay

Answer 29

sand: 0.2-0.006
silt: .006-.004
clay:.0004>

Question 30

porosity

Answer 30

measure of open space in soil

Question 31

permeability

Answer 31

measure of how well water passes through

Question 32

insolation

Answer 32

incoming solar radiation