Unit 1: 1491-1754

Question 1

Tenochtitlan

Answer 1

Capital of the Aztec Empire which was located on an island in Lake Texcoco. It was a city of great wealth with a powerful political, economical, and religious center.

Question 2

Aztec

Answer 2

Dominant in Mexico before the Spanish Conquest. Mesoamerican culture that flourished in central Mexico and maintained control over their vast empire through a system of trade and tribute. They were known for their advances in mathematics and writing, and their use of human sacrifices in religious ceremonies.

Question 3

Hernan Cortes

Answer 3

Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire. Brough large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the Spanish King.

Question 4

Columbian Exchange

Answer 4

The transfer of goods, crops, and diseases between New and Old World societies after 1492.

Question 5

Spanish Social Order

Answer 5

Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Native American Indians
Enslaved persons

Question 6

Encomienda

Answer 6

A labor system established by the Spanish Crown rewarding Spanish explorers, conquistadors, and military men in the new world with land.

Question 7

Pueblo Revolt

Answer 7

1680
Revolution against the Spanish religious, economic, and political institutions imposed upon the Pueblos. Indians were being stripped away from other roots. Only successful Native uprising.

Question 8

Joint Stock Company

Answer 8

Owned by shareholders. They were companies made up of groups of investors who bought the right to establish plantations from the King.

Question 9

Indentured servants

Answer 9

Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years.

Question 10

Jamestown

Answer 10

1607
The first permanent British colony that was established in the New World. Located in Virginia.

Question 11

Puritans

Answer 11

Wished to purify the Anglican Church by breaking away from Catholic practices. Believed that God had chosen a few people, “the elect” for salvation.

Question 12

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Answer 12

Puritans had the right to settle and govern a colony in the Massachusetts Bay area based on Puritan beliefs and values. The colony established political freedom and a representative government.

Question 13

Mercantilism

Answer 13

A form of economic nationalism that sought to increase the prosperity and power of a nation through restrictive trade practices. The idea that a country’s wealth is measured by the amount of gold they own,

Question 14

King Philips War

Answer 14

A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wampanoags, led by King Philip. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion.

Question 15

Navigation Act

Answer 15

Acts of Parliament restricted colonial trade to England and decreased dependence on foreign imported goods. It was to regulate the trade of the empire and to enable the mother country to derive a profit from the colonies.

Question 16

Bacon’s Rebellion

Answer 16

An armed rebellion held by Virginia settlers took place from 1676 to 1677. It was led by Nathaniel Bacon against Colonial Governor William Berkeley when Berkeley refused Bacon’s request to drive Native Americans out of Virginia.

Question 17

Great Awakening

Answer 17

A period of religious revival promoted by religious leaders

Question 18

George Whitefield

Answer 18

Anglican evangelist and the leader of Calvinistic Methodists, he was the most popular preacher of the Evangelical Revival in Great Britain and the Great Awakening in America. He toured the colonies up and down the Atlantic coast, preaching his message.

Question 19

Enlightenment

Answer 19

Encouraged people to value logic and reason more than just taking things at face value or accepting them by faith. It was the search for knowledge and questioning old ideas that would soon inspire the colonies to form their own nation.